
InHiBnBllli 



HIHllM 

PHll 

Hlf 



■II " 



in 



ISIS 




^frfi 



■r 



Si 



EH 



Bill 
!lliP 






■h 



■i 



I MHbh£ 



■l 


















%>*' 









■ 



t/> r$V 


















^ -^ 









-&%* 















- 



s?5 ^ 









^ y 



«> ^ 

^ ^ 



^ ^ 












' -^ 






,0 o 



V » 8 



v 



« ^ 



vV- 



^ -7* 




V 






THE 



AMERICAN FARRIER, 



AND 



FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION; 



CONTAINING THE 



SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENT 



OF MOST DISEASES INCIDENT TO 



MAN AND BEAST. 



TOGETHER WITH RECIPES FOR COMPOUNDING MEDICINES FOR THE 

SAME, AND A LIST OF ROOTS, HERBS, PLANTS AND BARKS ? 

WITH THEIR MEDICAL QUALITIES, A BRIEF DICTIONARY 

OF MEDICAL TERMS, AND A SEPARATE EPITOME OF 

POISONS AND THEIR ANPIDOTES, ARRANGED 

EACH UNDER ITS APPROPRIATE HEAD. 



BY W. C. HELME 




CLEVELAND: 

STEAM POWER PRESS OF SMFAD AKD COWLM. 
18 5 2. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, 

By W. C. HELME, 

In the Clerk's Office of the District of Ohio. 






PREFACE. 



The lime has been, when (o introduce any art or science to community 
with any hope of its meeting a cordial reception, it-was necessary to envelope 
it in the dark robes of mystery. Hence, when light began to dawn upon the 
Dark Ages, and the mental obscurity, which had settled like a sable pall upon 
the children of men, began to give, way to the light of science, and men began 
to assert the God-given right to reason fur themselves, then it was that tens of 
thousands who had previous')' subsisted upon the superstitious credulity of the 
multitude, became necessitated to seek another avenue through which they 
might continue to live upon their prejudices. Thus, vast hordes of rejected 
family confessors were suddenly transmorphosed into family physicians; thus 
we are informed of the origin of the Latin terms which still continue to mys- 
tify all departments of the medical science, and thiough the means of these 
mystic cognomens, the mediral fraternity have been enabled to extort from 
the too credulous public exorbitant prices for the very roots, plants, barks and 
herbs that grow in native profusion in our own fields, gardens and forests. 
The author's observation has made it glaringly apparent to him, that tens of 
thousands are swept annually fiom the shores of lime through the want of 
proper information respecting the symptoms and first stages of disease, both of 
man and beast. For ibis reason the author has been constrained to acquiesce 
in the continued solicitations of friends in compiling this work, and in ar- 
ranging and simplifying it to the comprehension and practical application of 
every family. Both the Mineral and Botanic practices are so arranged as to 
make it worthy of 'the approbation of the fiiends of both branches. 



FARRIERY-. 



THE MOST APPROVED METHOD OF CURING WOUNDS UPON 
HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, ETC. 



TO STOP BLEEDING. 

When a blood-vessel is cut and bleeds freely, apply some lint 
or sponge, and compress the parts together with a bandage, which 
should remain for two or three days ; if this is not effectual, apply 
lunar caustic, or take up the vessel with a crooked needle and tie it 
carefully ; when there is a deep gash or cut but no vessel severed, 
close the parts by one or more stitches with a coarse needle and 
thread, and each stitch tied separately, and the ends left about an 
inch long, so that they can be readily removed when the parts have 
sufficiently adhered, without giving pain. If the part will allow a 
roller or bandage to be used to keep the lips together, it may be 
employed, for the support which the sides of the wound thus ob- 
tain materially lessens the pain occasioned by the stitches. With 
this treatment, the healing of a wound rarely exceeds five or six 
days. Should the gash be large and inflamed, with the appear- 
ance of a discharge of matter, it will be proper to bring the parts 
together by gentle means, and to retain them there with bandages; 
this should not be made too tight, but merely to support the part 
Any bathing the parts with spirits, turpentine, camphor or any oth- 
er stimulating application, is highly injurious, keeping the wound 
fresh, and not unfrequently causing it to ulcerate or mortify. 



THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



SORES AND BRUISES. 



A poultice should be applied over the whole surface of a sore or 
bruise, to be kept on by means of bandages. The poultice may be 
made as follows: fine bran or meal one quart, pour on it a sufficient 
quantity of boiling water to make a thin paste, to this add of lin- 
seed powder sufficient to give it a proper consistence. The poul- 
tice should be continued several days, renewing twice a day ; each 
time wash it in luke-warm water with a soft sponge. If the sore 
is deep, inject the water with a syringe so as to thoroughly cleanse 
it. When the wound begins to assume a clean and healthy ap- 
pearance, free from any black or putrid matter, the poultice may 
be removed and the following salve applied: mutton tallow, hogs' 
lard, bees wax and linseed oil. The salve must be spread on soft, 
clean tow, and attach it to the sore by bandages as tenderly as you 
can, and prevent it from slipping off. 

GREEN OINTMENT FOR WOUNDS. 

Put into an earthen vessel two ounces of bees-wax, melt it over 
a clear fire and add two ounces of resin; when that is melted, put 
in half a pound of hog's lard and to this put four ounces of turpen- 
tine, stirring all the time with a wooden instrument. When it is 
well mixed, stir in one ounce of finely powdered verdigris, do not 
let it boil over, strain it through a coarse cloth, and protect it from 
the air. This ointment is a- sovereign cure for both old and recent 
wounds in flesh or hoof, or galled backs, cracked heels, mallender3, 
sallenders, bites, broken knees, &c. 

TREATMENT ACCORDING TO APPEARANCE. 

When the wounded part begins to discharge a whitish, thick mat- 
ter, and is observed to fill up, the general treatment and dressings 
to the sore now mentioned, should be continued ; and during the 
cure, the animal, when free of fever, may be allowed belter pio- 
vision, and take moderate exercise. If the animal be feeble from 
a long continuance of a feverish state, or from inflammation attend- 
ing the wound, or from weakness arising from confinement, or if the 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. / 

wound appear to be stationary, pale and flabby on its edges, with 
a thin discharge, then better food may be given to it; if still no 
change should be observed, the wound mav be treated in the fol- 
lowing manner: the salve maybe made more stimulant by adding 
to it more resin and less bees- wax: or more stimulant still, some 
common turpentine. The effect of an alteration in the mode of 
treatment should be particularly noticed, and stimulants should be 
laid aside, continued or increased, accordingly. Previous to chang- 
ing the dressings applied to the wounds or rendering them more 
stimulant, the effect of tighter bandaging should be tried, as this 
sometimes has the desired effect. 

FOOD, ETC. 

Whenever severe wounds happen, they are always attended with 
more or less inflammation, which should be attended to, or it may 
terminate fatally. The apartment should be cool, and airy and qui- 
et; the drink should not be warm, but rather cold, and given free- 
ly, though not in too large quantities at a time; the food should be 
sparingly given, and of a poorer quality than usual, and should be 
rather laxative. Bleeding may sometimes be resorted to with ad- 
vantage. Laxative medicine should be given as occasion may re- 
quire. 

ABSCESS. 

These are maturated swellings which appear on different parts of 
the body. The remedies are, first, to bleed, then to wash the 
swollen part with a quart of vinegar, in which are dissolved two 
ounces of sal ammoniac and half an ounce of sugar of lead. If 
the swelling does not abate in two or three days, apply the suppur- 
ating poultice. When the tumor becomes soft and pointing, open 
it with a lancet, then dress it with basilicon ointment. 

WARTS.- 

Tie two or three horse hairs round the wart, tightening it grad- 
ually till it falls away; then bind on a bit of tow wet in alum wa- 
ter for twenty-four hours; then heal with green ointment. 



F THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

STAGGERS. 

Copious bleeding should be resorted to — from two to three quarts 
at once, then give half a pint of linseed oil, half a pint of castor 
oil, forty grains of calomel, sixty grains of jalap and two ounces of 
tincture of aloes. Give twice a day warm bran mashes. 

LOSS OF APPETITE. 

Let blood from the neck, and give a purging ball, made as fol- 
lows: Aloes 1 oz., jalap 1 drachm, rhubarb 1 drachm; made into 
a ball with castor oil and J a drachm of ginger. 

V 

INFLAMED BLADDER. 

Give large quantities of flax seed tea; give injections of the same 
frequently. Bleeding and castor oil are never to be omitted; — after 
the oil has operated, give the following ball once in six hours: pow- 
dered nitre -J- an oz., camphor one drachm, liquorice powder 3 
drachms, with honey sufficient to form a ball. Should this fail to 
give relief, omit the ball, and give one drachm of opium twice a 
day. 

SPAVIN. 

Hog's lard half an ounce, bees* wax three drachms, sublimate in fine 
powder half a drachm, Spanish flies two drachms, to be made into 
an ointment and applied to the spavin, after the hair is cut off, and 
rubbed outside of the swelling with hard brown soap. 

BOTS. 

Symptoms op Bots in Horses. — Stamping forcibly with the fore 
feet, and striking at the belly with the hind ones, belly swollen and 
hard, and groaning as if in pain. 

Treatment. — Keep the horse fasting for one day; at night give 
him a small quantity of bran mash, then give him a ball as follows; 
One scruple of calomel, one scruple of turpeth mineral, and a* 
much crumb of bread and honey as will form a mass. In twenty- 
four hours, give him half a pint of castor oil and half a pint of lin" 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 9 

seed oil ; repeat the same once in two or three days until an entire 
cure is effected. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 

This disease consists of two kinds. The first is known by the 
beast being dull and restless, wilh poor appetite, constant pawing, 
frequently endeavoring to kick the belly, lying down, rising sudden- 
ly, urine small, high colored and voided with pain, limbs and ears 
cold, pulse quick and small, which if not arrested, soon terminates 
in death. 

The second kind is when the inflammation attacks the internal 
coat of the intestines, and is usually attended with fever and purg- 
ing. The symptoms of this kind are not as violent, and apparently 
attended with less pain. 

Treatment. — In the first kind, bleed largely and rub the whole 
belly well with mustard embrocation, keep the beast well blanketed, 
insert several rowells about the breast and belly, give a pint of cas- 
tor oil, and injections of warm flax-seed tea; give him some of the 
warm tea to drink, rub his legs well and litter him well. If he is 
not easy in six hours, repeat the bleeding, oil and injections. If 
these in any case should fail, then give anodyne clyster. 

In the second kind there is no occasion to bleed except there is 
much fever. Clothe him warm, use the mustard embrocation free- 
ly, give freely of flax-seed tea by means of a bottle. If these fail, 
use the anodyne clyster; if these fail, the astringent draught. 

CANKER. 

Cut away all the diseased parts, and if necessary draw the frog. 

Liniment for Canker. — Warm six ounces of tar, mix it drop 
by drop with one ounce of oil of vitriol, then add one ounce of oil 
of turpentine. Bind this firmly on the part, destroying all the dis- 
eased protuberances with lunar caustic. When the wound looks 
healthy, dress it with green ointment. 

CAPPED HOCKS. 
If the swelling proceed from a bruise or a blow, bathe it three 



10 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

times a day with salt and vinegar made warm. If it proceed from 
a natural cause, apply the suppurating poultice, and when matter 
is formed, let it out; then use the green ointment. 

COLD. 

Take a quart of blood from the neck, then give warm mashes 
with a scruple of nitre in them. Purge with castor oil, and keep 
warm. 

CONVULSIONS. 

Symptoms. — The horse raises his head higher than usual, and 
pricks up his ears, neck stiff, skin tight. He stands in a straddling 
posture, and breathes with difficulty. 

Treatment. — Bleed, if his strength will permit, if his pulse is 
high or eye red; if not, omit bleeding. If he show symptoms of 
■ bots or other worms, pursue the treatment for bots. 

COUGH. 

Take a quart of blood from the neck, and give half an ounce of 
Venice soap, half an ounce of nitre, ten grains of tartar emetic, ten 
grains of opium. Ball them with molasses and give one every 
other night. Blanket well and keep the bowels right with castor oil. 

CORNS. 

Cut them out with a sharp knife. Should they be disposed to 
grow again, touch them with oil of vitriol and dress with green 
ointment. 

CRACKED HEELS. 

Poultice with boiled turnips four or five times, then anoint with 
yellow basilicon mixed with a little green ointment. 

THE GRIPES. 

As soon as you observe this disease give the following draught: 
balsam copaiva one ounce, oil of juniper one drachm, spirits of ni- 
rous ether half an ounce, mint water or tea one pint. Give a clys- 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. II 

ter of eight ounces of salt in six quarts of warm water; if there is 
much fever and great pain, take two or three quarts of blood. The 
bellv should be rubbed well with mustard and vinegar. In two 
hours repeat the same if necessary, and if this fail, give a pint of 
castor oil, and an ounce and a half of laudanum. 

DIABETES. 

The diabetes is an involuntary discharge of urine which is pale 
and thin, and often proves fatal. 

Remedy. — Take a qt. of blood from the neck, and give Peruvian 
bark four drachms, ginger one drachm, once in 24 hours, if cos 
tive, give a pt. of castor oil. 

FARCY, 

Begins with small hard knots, which soon become soft and ul- 
cerous, usually situated on the veins. It is a contagious disorder, 
and frequently terminates in the Glanders. 

Remedy. — Open the ulcers and slightly touch the inside of the 
edges, with powdered verdigris and give the following ball: 
White arsenic eight grains, and corrosive sublimate six grains, pow- 
dered and made into a ball with flour and molasses, keep warm, 
and mix chopped carrots with his mashes, skip one day and give an- 
other ball, if it purge add ten grains of opium to it, attend to the 
ulcers, wash them with warrii soap suds, keep him away from other 
horses. 

FOUNDERED FEET. 

This is a contraction of the hoof, which appears smaller than the 
sound one, the horse touches lightly on the ground with the toe, on 
account of pain. 

Remedy. — Take off the shoe, bleed freely from the thigh vein, 
and purge two or three times, keep the hair close trimmed and keep 
the hoof clean. 

Half -Bound. — Cut down several from the cornet down to the 
toe all around the hoof and fill the cuts with tallow and soap, take 
off the shoes, and keep the feet moist. 



12 THK AMERICAN FARRIER, 



LAMPAS. 



This consists in a swelling of the first bar of the upper ] alate. 

Remedy. — Rub the swelling two or three times a day with one 
half ounce of alum, and one half ounce of double refined sugar 
mixed wilh honey. 

LAXITY. 

Never check this too suddenly, but use the following 
Rem.edy. — Rhubarb in powder one ounce, magnesia half an 
ounce, calomel one scruple, oil of anise-seed one drachm. Make it 
into a ball with honey or liquorice powder; next day give one fluid 
ounce of laudanum, with twenty grains of tartar emetic in a pint of 
water; on the third day repeat the purge; on the fourth, the 
drench ; and so on alternately until the horse is well. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

The anchor of hope in this disease, lays in bleeding the horse 
freely, and repeat it in a few hours. Admitting the shortness of 
breathing, fever, &c., does not subside, rowel the chest and blister 
the sides, after which proceed as follows: Give powdered nitre six 
drachms, camphor one drachm, as much molasses and linseed meal 
as will form a ball. Once in twelve hours until the staling is con- 
siderably increased, when one once in twenty-four hours will- be 
sufficient. Grass or other light food must be given. 

MALLENDERS. 

Wash the cracks well with warm soap-suds and a sponge, and 
then with the vulnary water, twice a day: wipe dry and apply the 
green ointment. 

POLE EVIL. 

Bring it to a head by applying the following poultice: Take a 
quart of wheat bran, three turnips boiled till soft, mix them thor- 
oughly, add milk and boil them, then add two ounces of linseed oil 
and half a pound of hog's lard. 



AKD FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 1* 

MANGE. 

Wash with soap suds and urine and give castor oil. Feed well 
and work sparingly. 

MOLTEN GREASE. 
Bleed and purge moderately ; feed regularly but sparingly. 

RING BONE, 
if recent, blister; if not, recourse must be had to firing. 

QUITTOR. 

Make an opening for the matter to descend from all the adjacent 
sinuses. Keep the parts clean with soap-suds, then inject the vul- 
nary water into the sinuses. If there is a core, touch it with caus- 
tic, and after it is discharged, dress with the green ointment. 

SAND-CRACK. 

Remove the shoe and ascertain the extent of the injury. If the 
crack is superficial, fill it with the following: Melt together four 
ounces of bees-wax, two ounces of yellow resin, half an ounce of 
tallow. If the crack has extended to the sensible parts and there 
is fungus flesh, remove the edges of the cracked horn with a small 
drawino-knife, touch the fungus with caustic, dip a roll of tow in 
tar and bind it firmly over it. Bind the whole foot in bran poul- 
tice for a few days. When the lameness is removed replace the 
shoe carefully, fill the crack with the composition and turn him 
loose in a soft meadow. 

SIT FASTS 
Are horny substances under the saddle. Hold them with a pair 
of pincers and cut them entirely out. Leave a particle of them 
and they will grow again. Now apply the green ointment. 

SALLENDERS. 
For treatment see Mallenders. 



14 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



STRAINS. 



Wherever this happens, it requires perfect rest, small purging 
and bleeding until the inflammation subsides, when any stimulating 
embrocation may be applied. 

STRANGURY. 

Take a quart of blood and throw up a laxative clyster. Give one 
ounce of salt petre and one ounce of sweet spirits of nitre in a pint 

of water. 

STRANGLES. 

This is a swelling between the jaw-bone and the root Gf the 
tongue Should a large tumor appear under the jaw, apply the 
suppurating poultice; when ripe, open it and again apply the poul- 
tice. It will get well in a few days. Give warm bran mashes and 
gentle exercise. 

THRUSH. 

Remove the shoe and pare off all the ragged parts so as to ex- 
pose the diseased parts. After cleaning the frog, apply a solution 
of blue vitriol, and soon after pour some melted tar ointment into 
the cleft of the frog, and cover the whole surface with tow soaked 
in the same, and on the tow place a flat piece of wood about the 
size of the frog, one of its ends passing under the toe of the shoe, 
the other extending to the back part of the frog and bound down 
by cross-pieces of wood, the ends of which are placed unde r the 
shoe. Repeat the dressing once a day. 

VIVES. 

This is a disease most common to young horses, and consists in 
a long swelling ol the parotid gland, beginning at the roots of the 
ears and descending downwards. If it is painful and inflamed, 

apply the , if it suppurates, open the lumps, let out the 

matter, and dress with the green ointment. Use strong mercurial 
ointment to disperse it, and bleed moderately. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 15 

WIND GALLS. 

These swellings appear on each side of the back sinew above 
the fetlock. It is dangerous to puncture them, as is sometimes 
done, as it may produce an incurable lameness. Tight bandages, 
and moistening the parts frequently with a strong solution of sal 
ammoniac in vinegar, is good. 

FULLNESS OF BLOOD. 

Moderate bleeding, as from two to three or four quarts, should 
be used to remove fullness of blood attended with slight inflamina- 
tory symptoms. In this disease the eyes appear red or inflamed — 
often closed as if asleep, the pulse small, the heat of the body 
some increased, the legs swell and the hair rubs off. Horses that 
are removed from grass to a warm- stable and full fed on hay and 
corn, and not sufficiently exercised, are very subject to one or more 
of these symptoms. .Regulating the quantity of food given to him, 
proper exercise and occasional laxatives, (as the following powder,) 
will be commonly found sufficient after the first bleeding and a 
mild purge. In slight affections of this kind, a brisk purge wil 
generally be sufficient alone, 

Laxative Powder. — Take of crocus of antimony, finely levigated 
nitre, cream of tartar, and flower of sulphur, each four ounces; 
powder and mix them well together. One table spoonful of this 
mixture, may be given once in twelve hours, in as much scalded 
bran as the powder may adhere to. This powder will be found 
excellent for horses that are kept on dry food ; also for stallions in 
the spring, as they keep the body cool and openj and cause him to 
shed his, coat, and make his skin appear as bright and smooth as 
silk. 

Necessary preparation previous to physicking. — When horses 
have been driven too freely, they often lose their appetite, and 
have their stomachs loaded with indigested matter, which should be 
removed by proper physic. Previous to administering the medicine 
the horse should be prepared. The best method is to give two* or 
three meshes of scalded bran and oats, with warm water for two or 



16 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

throe days. If you give a powerful purge to a horse of costive 
habit without preparation, it will be liable to occasion inflammation. 

PURGING BALLS FOR HORSES. 

Barbadoes aloes seven and a half ounces, castile soap one and a 
half ounces, oil of anise-seed two drachms, powdered ginger one and 
a half ounces, syrup sufficient to make six balls, one of which is a 

dose. 

TO CHECK OVER PURGING. 

Take of prepared chalk, ginger and anise-seed each one ounce 
powdered, oil of peppermint fifteen drops, spirits of wine half an 
ounce ; mix the whole in a pint and half of warm linseed gruel and 



give it. 



DRINK FOR COUGH. 



Take of tar one ounce, slaked lime one ounce ; unite them with 
slippery elm mucilage, to which add nitre one ounce, ginger half an 
ounce, tincture of opium one ounce; mix them, then gradually mix 
them in a pint of warm linseed tea, and give it in the morning fast- 
ing, and let him fast for two hours more; then give him a mash of 
scalded bran and oats and warm water. Give it every other morn- 
ing for four or five times. 

FEVER BALLS. 

Take of antimonial powder, tartarized antimony, and camphor, 
one drachm each, nitre and castile soap two drachms each, Barba- 
does aloes two drachms ; mix and make them into a ball with mo- 
lasses. Let this ball be given in two hours after bleeding, and in six 
hour3 more give the following purging ball: Epsom salts a quart- 
er of an ounce, nitre half an ounce, sugar two table-spoonfuls ; dis- 
solve them in a quart of gruel, and add ten ounces of castor oil; mix 
and give luke-warm. After the first ball is given, the aloes may be 
left out and the ball and drink given once a day, one in the morn- 
iug and the other in the evening, until a proper action is obtained. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 17 

DRINK FOR AN INFLAMMATORY FEVER. 

Take of tartar emetic one drachm, camphor one drachm, pow- 
dered in a few drops of spirits of wine. This is excellent in all 
kinds of inflammatory fevers. It should be given in a pint of water 
gruel three times a day. 

JAUNDICE. 

Aloes five drachms, white antimonial powder and castile soap two 
drachms each, calomel one drachm; mix and make them in a ball 
with molasses. Give the horse two mashes the day before, and the 
next morning give the ball fasting, and continue the fast for two 
hours after it is given, then give a mash of scalded bran and oats, 
with warm water. 

BALLS FOR BROKEN WIND. 

Castile soap, Venice turpentine and tar two ounces each, pow- 
dered squills one ounce, calomel three drachms, beat them together 
and add two ounces nitre caraway and aniseeds powdered each one 
ounce, beat them into a mass with honey and powdered liquorice, 
and divide into ten balls. 

BALL FOR WORMS. 

Calomel and Castile soap of each one drachm powdered, worm 
seed in powder half an ounce, oil of wormwood two or three drops; 
ball with molasses. 

BALLS FOR SURFEIT, MANGE, ETC. 

Precipitated sulphur of antimony, gentian root and socotrine 

aloes each one ounce in powder, nitre two ounces, calomel and 

cantharides in powder each two drachms; mix and make them into 

a mass for balls, with molasses, each ball to weigh one and a half 

ounces. These balls are good for surfeit, mange, swelled legs, 

hide bound, lameness of the joints, molten grease, inflammation of 

the eyes, and in every obstinate lingering disease. One ball should 

be given every morning for two or three weeks. 
B 



IS THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

ASTRINGENT BALLS FOR PROFUSE STALING. 

Take of galls and alum powdered two drachms, Peruvian bark 
half an ounce, ball with molasses. This ball should be given every 
morning, and if this is not sufficient, every night and morning, 
and continue until the urine is diminished to. about its natural quan- 
tity. 

BALLS FOR STAGGERS. 

James' powders two drachms, turmeric and cream of tartar each 
half an ounce; ball in honey. 

DRINK FOR WORMS. 

Take of Barbadoes aloes from three to six drachms, " worm-seed 
and gentian powdered each half an ounce, powdered caraway seed 
one ounce; mix them in a pint of strong wormwood tea. Repeat 
in about four or five days, but omit the above ball after the first 
time ; after which give eight drachms of Barbadoes aloes, ginger, 
Castile soap and oil of lavin each two drachms, jalap a quarter of 
an ounce, ball in molasses. Give mashes, warm water and gentle 
exercise. After the worms are expelled give the following 

Drink. — Compound spirit of ammonia, and sweet spirit of nitre 
each one ounce, gentian root in powder one and a half ounces, Pe- 
ruvian bark and hiera piera in powder each half an ounce, horse 
spice two ounces. Mix the whole in three pints of ale and divide 
the whole into , three parts, and give one every morning fasting ; 
two hours after give him a mash and warm water. Nothing can 
excel this drink in restoring horses that have been reduced by long- 
continued disease, such as lowness of spirits, debility and relaxation 
of the solids, a loss of appetite, and for those that are over-ridden. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

Take of white antimonial powder two drachms, nitre half an 
ounce, Castile soap two drachms, alspice and cloves each a quarter 
of an ounce, sugar half an ounce; ball them with a mucilage of slip- 
pery elm, and give it immediately after bleeding, and continue it two 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 19 

or three times until cured. About six hours after, give a purging 
drink, and repeat it night and morning until a passage is obtained. 

FOR COLIC. 

A pint of strong peppermint water, with four ounces of gin, and 
any kind of spice; or half a pint of gin diluted with four ounces 
of water and a little ginger. 

EMBROCATION FOR SPRAINS. 

Take of soap liniment and spirit of wine each an ounce, oil of 
turpentine half an ounce ; mix and when used shake it. This will 
remove the pain and inflammation in two or three weeks, during 
which time the horse should not be taken out of the stable. 

BRACING MIXTURE FOR SPRAINS. 

After the above embrocation, the following should be rubbed on 
the part once a day: Take of Egyptiacum two ounces, oil of tur- 
pentine one ounce, shake well together, then add camphorated spirit 
of wine, and compound tincture of benzoin each one ounce; mix 
and shake well when used. 



MIXTURE FOR CANKER IN THE MOUTH. 



Take of pure vinegar half a pint, burnt alum and common salt 
one ounce each, bol armenic half an ounce; mix and shake together 
in a bottle. Use it as follows: Morning and evening take a piece 
of whalebone half a yard long and tie a little tow round one end, 
then dip into the mixture and gently swab all the affected parts. 
Let him fast half an hour. 

CURE FOR RINGBONE. 

When but slight, a poultice of tar and soft soap worn constantly 
for a time is sufficient to effect a cure. But if of long standing, take 
a piece of leather and drive it full of fine tacks, letting the points 
project from a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch and bind this on to 
it with a bar of lead, until it becomes completely perforated and 



THE AMERICAN FARTHER, 

even maturated; then rem >ve it and apply a plaster of tar, which 
always proves a sovereign remedy. 

GLANDERS. 

Little can be done but to take a shovel and burn sulphur on it, 
and hold it under the nose of the horse in such a position as to 
cause him to inhale the smoke, two or three times a day, which 
often effects an entire cure. 

BOTTS. 

Take of bees-wax, mutton tallow and loaf sugar each eight ounces, 
put it into one quart of new milk and warm until it is melted. 
Then put it into a bottle and give it just before they begin to hard- 
en, in 2 hours give physic, the botts will be disgorged in numbers, 
each piece of wax having from one to ten of them sticking to it, 
some by the head but most by their legs or hooks. 

POLL EYIL 

Is usually the effect of accident, repeated small blows of the 
manger, or continued pressure from hanging back on the halter &c, 
will if not remedied, produce swelling at the nape of the neck with 
some tenderness. In this early state, if the collar be removed, and 
the part be kept continually wet with vinegar and water, the swelling 
will often disperse; but if it proceeds to suppuration, make a vent by 
a seton so that it may flow out ; do not heal it, but encourage a 
free discharge, and it may heal at once. When it does not, the 
disease attacks the ligaments, sinuses form, and the matter burrows 
under the skin and muscles. Then a seton must be introduced 
from the opening above, and should be brought out at the bottom. 
The seton should be daily wet with the liquid blister. 

GALLS. 

When a horse is galled by the harness or saddle, or when he is 
chafed between the arm and chest, the following lotion should be 
used : Sulphate of zinc one ounce, superacetate of lead one ounce, 
water one quart* 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 21 

WIND GALLS. 

When wind galls first appear, boil red oak bark to a strong de- 
coction, add some sharp vinegar and a little alum, foment the parts 
twice a day, warm as the hand can be held in it, then take a woolen 
cloth, dip it in the liquor and bind the ankle up tight as it can be 
borne by the horse without causing pain . If this should not prove 
effectual, blister with flies. 



CATTLE 



LOSS OF THE CUD. 

In this disease the beast mourns and has no appetite, or drops its 
food without attempting to swallow it. The animal is unable to 
throw up or ruminate, which is caused by the runn or cud bag be 
ing loaded and obstructed. Now the object is to remove the ob- 
struction, and invigorate the animal fibres. Let the animal fast 
some time, then give a warm bran mash with good hay, and warm 
water with salt. An aloes tincture made with brandy and red 
pepper is of use in this case ; after which good dry nourishing food. 

JAUNDICE OR YELLOWS. 

This disease may be known by the yellowness of the eyes and 
mouth, a dull and languid appearance and debility, and a loss of 
appetite. . 

Cure. — Give the following laxative: Barbadoes aloes half an 
ounce, Castile soap six drachms, ginger three drachms, cascarilla 
bark two drachms, warm water one pint, mix. Repeat it after an 
interval of five or six days, giving in the intermediate time the fol- 
lowing drink every morning and evening: Castile soap half an 
ounce, Venice turpentine half an ounce, ginger three drachms, pow- 



22 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

dered gentian root one ounce; rub the soap and turpentine togeth- 
er in r mortar till they are incorporated, then add gradually a pint 
of water, and afterwards the ginger and gentian. 

HOOF AIL. 

The first appearance of this disease is a hard crack between the 
claws, which afterwards discharges an offensive matter. Sometimes 

ippears in torm of a large tumor upon the cornet between the 
hair and the hoof, attended with violent pain. 

Cure. — Wash the parts from all dirt with Castile soap, and if 
between the claws, take a rope of proper thickness, and chafe the 
part affected; then dress it with oil of vitriol, let the animal stand 
id a dry place for an hour, repeat the application every day. If the 
tumor be likely to suppurate, linseed poultices should be applied and 
repeated until the inflammation has subsided, then dress the wound 
with lint and mild astringent ointment. A few doses of Glaubers 5 
salts will cool the body and accelerate the cure. 

WARTS. 

These are affections of the skin, which in cows do not go deep. 
They destroy the roots of the hair wherever they form, an<J are of 
a firm and horny texture, and readily give way when pulled or 
roughly handled, which occasions them to bleed, and shows their 
connexion with the vessels of the skin. They readily yield to 
emollient ointments, particularly to goose grease, which should be 
frequently rubbed on till the excrescences fall off. 

mange; 

This is a cutaneous disease which is very contagious; for so many 
cows as come in contact with one laboring under the disease will be 
sure to catch it. Its symptoms are, a scurf on the external part of 
the body which is always attended with an itching. The animal 
inclines to rub the affected parts, against anything she can get at. 
It usually attacks those animals which are low in flesh, and have 
been fed on poor forage. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 23 

Cure. — Curry off the scurf in order that the medicine may have 
the better effect. After this, the following application is to be 
rubbed on the parts affected, and repeated every three or four days 
till a cure is effected; it seldom requires more than two or three 
applications ; Flour of sulphur one pound, spirits of turpentine one 
half pint, train oil enough to make it into a thin liquid. 

HORN DISTEMPER. 

This distemper causes the pith of the horn to be gradually con- 
sumed. It is commonly confined to one horn, but is sometimes in 
both. It is occasioned by poor keeping, by which the blood be- 
comes poor and reduced, and does not circulate properly in the 
extremities. The animal loses its appetite and becomes sluggish, 
with a coldness of the horns, and a disposition to lie down. 

Cure. — The horn should be bored with a nail gimlet in such a 
manner as to effect a discharge of the matter which has become 
purulent. The hollow part should be well cleansed by vinegar in 
which a portion of salt has been dissolved, to be injected by a sy- 
ringe; or ginger and black pepper maybe injected. After the 
bowels have been evacuated, give for a laxative, sulphur or Glau- 
bers' salts; after which they should be well kept. If the end of 
the tail is soft, it should be slit for an inch or two, and pounded 
garlic inserted, and confined by tying a rag round it. 

UDDER ILL. 

This disease primarily arises from an imperfect digestion. 

Cure. — Give the following drench: Barbadoes aloes half an 
ounce, common salt four ounces, ginger one drachm, water one 
quart, laudanum a table-spoonful; after which it should be turned 
out to short and sweet grass, that she may have sufficient exercise 
in getting her food. The part of the udder that is swollen should 
have the bad milk drawn three or four times a day. If the udder 
is badly swollen, ferment it; if not, rub it often with sweet or neats' 
foot oil. 



24 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

SORE TEATS. 

Apply the following ointment : Take elder ointment and yellow 
basilicon ointment of each four ounces, spirits of turpentine one 
ounce; mix them well together. If in summer, and the flies 
plague them, add one ounce of aloes in powder, and dissolve it; 
this will effectually prevent the flies from teasing the animal. 

LICE. 

These may be killed by dusting common Scotch snuff on the 
parts where the lice are found; or the following lotion may be ap- 
plied: Corrosive sublimate two drachms, muriatic acid half an 
ounce, water one pound. 

DRY MURRAIN— AN INFALLIBLE REMEDY. 

Pulverize a sufficient quantity of good, clean, common chalk to 
fill a junk bottle half or one-third full, then fill the remainder with 
sharp vinegar ; shake it well together and give it while it ferments. 
It will usually operate in about half an hour ; if it does not, repeat 
the dose. 

RED WATER. 

Take one ounce of bole armoniac, half an ounce of spirits of 
nitre, two ounces of roche alum; dissolve these in a quart of ale 
or beer hot. Let it stand until it is blood warm ; give this at a 
dose, and repeat in about twelve hours. This is a sovereign medi- 
cine for changing the water, and acts as a purgative. No farmer 
should be without it. 

CURE FOR CATTLE SWELLED WITH GREEN FOOD. 

For a full grown beast, give from a bottle a pint of train oil, rub 
the stomach well at the same time, in order to make it go down, 
then make the animal walk about until such time as the swelling 
begins to subside. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 25 



SHEEP. 



SCAB. 



When this disease first makes its appearance, remove the wool 
from the part affected, and apply a mixture of lard and spirits of 
turpentine to the place. If this does not prove effectual, separate 
such sheep as are infected from the rest of the ilock, cut off the 
wool as far as the skin feels hard, wash with soap suds and rub hard 
with a brush so as to cleanse and break the scab ; then make a de- 
coction as follows, and wash the parts affected: Make a decoction of 
tobacco, to which add one- third by measure of common lye, as 
much hogs' lard as the ley will dissolve, a small quantity of tar and 
about one-eighth of the whole quantity of spirits of turpentine ; 
wash three times — once in three days. 

Another application. — Tobacco, lime-water and oil of vitriol. 

Another. — A decoction of hellebore mixed with vinegar, sulphur 
and spirits of turpentine. 

PINNING AND SCOURING. 

Lambs, soon after the birth, are subject to a disorder called pin- 
ning. It consists in the excrements being so glutinous as to fix the 
tail to the vent; which if neglected, will often kill the lamb. The 
remedy is to wash the parts clean and rub the buttocks and tail with 
dry clay, which will prevent any farther adhesion. Lambs are -al- 
so subject to scouring or purging. They should, with the parent 
ewes, be put in a warm, dry, sheltered place; the ewes should have 
plenty of nutritious food given them, such as oats, old Indian corn 
and wheat bread. Care should be taken that they nurse their 
lambs duly, for it often happens that this complaint is aggravated 
from a penury of milk; in which case the deficiency should be sup- 



SO THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

plied by cows' milk, which should be boiled before feeding to 
the in. 

TICK. 

Apply a decoction of tobacco, or a solution of corrosive subli- 
mate. 

. COLD. 

When sheep lie on damp or wet ground, they are subject to colds 
which are shown by a discharge of mucus matter from the nose 
and eyes, and sometimes by blindness. The best remedy is warmth, 
dry litter and good food- 

FOOT ROT. 

This disease is contagious, but is sometimes produced by other 
causes; such as feeding on stale grains and bad hay. The only 
method of curing it is to examine the foot, and pare away every bit 
of horn under which the disease may be found. When this is 
done, a saturated solution of blue vitriol will always effect a cure, 
and is sufficient for the very worst cases. Now change the situa- 
tion of the sheep and give them a plenty of wholesome food. 

HOOSE, COUGH, DISTEMPER. 

This disorder in sheep is similar to that in cattle. Take one pint 
of blood, and give one ounce of Epsom salts in four ounces of thin 
gruel. 

POISON BY EATING LAUREL OR IVY. 

Symptoms.-— Foaming at the mouth, vomiting green juice and 
half masticated leaves, which discolors the mouth of the animal. 

Cure. — Take a gill of hogs' lard or sweet oil, to which add a 
pint of milk and mix thoroughly. 



AND FAMILY MEDICx\L COMPANION. 27 



SWINE. 



MURRAIN OR LEPROSY. 

Symptoms. — Short breath, the head ranging unusually low, stag- 
gering, discharging matter from the eyes. 

Cure. — Boil a large handful of nettles and a few hops in a gal- 
lon of water, to which add half a pound of sulphur, a quarter of a 
pound of anise or dill seed pulverized, two ounces liquorice and a 
handful of elecampane; give this liquid in milk in six portions, and 
then give good and wholesome food. 

RISING OF THE LIGHTS, 

Is occasioned by feeding too freely. The best cure is a mixture 
of sulphur and castor oil. 

MANGE. 

This is a cutaneous eruption, caused by filthy styes. 

Symptoms. — Rubbing against any hard substance with such vio- 
lence as to tear away the heads of pustules and produce a disagree- 
able scab. 

Cure. — Wash with a strong soap suds and anoint with the fol" 
lowing ointment: Mix one ounce of flour of sulphur, two drachms 
of fresh pulverized white hellebore, three ounces hogs lard, and 
one ounce of spirits of nitre, all to be rubbed in one time, which 
but seldom needs repeating. If it is attended with a cough, give 
from one half to an ounce of crude antimony finely powdered and 
mixed with his food for ten or twelve days. 

LUNG DISEASES' 

Are usually attended with a dry, husky cough and wasting of 



28 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

the rlesh, caused by their exposure to the cold and wet 

Remedy. — A dry warm stye with a regular supply of food that 
is calculated to keep them cool, and allay the irritation attendant on 
the couo-h. 

ISSUES. 

If the issues in the fore-legs of swine become stopped, every 
attempt to fatten them will be in vain. These, therefore, should 
be watched, and if found to be stopped, they should be rubbed open 
with a corn cob- 



LIST OF MEDICINES FOR HORSES. 



ALTERATIVES. 

Cream of tartar and flour of sulphur each half an ounce, levigat- 
ed antimony two drachms. 

Iso. 2. — Powdered resin, levigated antimony, ethiops mineral, each 
three drachms, made into a ball with honey. 

TONIC ALTERATIVES. 

Ginger, gentian, aloes, blue vitriol pulverized, each one drachm, 
and six drachms of pulverized white oak bark. 

No. 2. — White vitriol one drachm, ground pimento two drachms, 
powdered quassia half an ounce, ale half a pound; mix and give as 

drink. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 29 

ASTRINGENT MEDICINE FOR DIARRHCEA OR SCOUR- 
ING. 

Opium half a drachm, powdered ipecachuana one drachm, boiled 
starch one pint, powdered chalk two ounces. 

No. 2. — Glaubers salts two ounces, Epsom salts one ounce, green 
vitriol four grains, gruel half a pint. When the scouring has ap- 
proached at all to dysentery, give the following drink: Castor oil 
four ounces, Glaubers' salts dissolved two ounces, powdered rhu- 
barb half a drachm, powdered opium half a drachm, and one pint of 
gruel. 

ASTRINGENT WASH FOR CRACKED HEELS, ETC, 

Sugar of lead two drachms, white vitriol one drachm, strong in- 
fusion of oak bark one pint ; mix. 

No. 2. — Green vitriol one drachm, infusion of galls half a pint; 
mix and wash three times a day. 

POWDER FOR CRACKS, ETC. 

Prepared calamine one ounce, fullers' earth powdered, pipe clay 
of each three ounces ; mix and sprinkle on the moist surface of the 
sore often. 

ASTRINGENT PASTE FOR THRUSH, FOOT ROT, FOUL 
IN THE FOOT, ETC, 

Prepared calamine half an ounce, verdigris half an ounce, white 
vitriol half a drachm, alum half a drachm, tar three ounces ; mix 
them into a paste. 

ASTRINGENT PASTE FOR GREASE. 

Prepared calamine two ounces, powdered putty two ounces, char- 
coal two ounces, yeast sufficient to make a paste. 

WASH FOR GREASE. 

Corrosive sublimate two drachms, spirit of wine one ounce, rain 
water ten ounces; put the sublimate and spirit in a mortar and rub 



30 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

them until dissolved. This often proves effectual, when all other 
remedies fail. 

BLISTER. 

Spanish flies two ounces, Venice turpentine two ounces, resin two 
ounces, hogs' lard two pounds; melt the last three together, and 
when milk-warm stir in the flies. 

BLISTER FOR RINGBONE, SPAVIN, ETC. 

Add half a drachm of corrosive sublimate to four ounces of the 
above. 

CLYSTER FOR GRIPES. 

Mash two onions, and mix with them two ounces of the *oil of 

turpentine, pepper half an ounce, thin gruel four quarts. 

LAXATIVE CLYSTER. 

Thin gruel five quarts, Epsom salts seven ounces. 

COUGH DRINK. 

Lime water half a pint, tar water half a pint, tincture of squills 
half an ounce. 

COUGH POWDERS. 

Calomel one scrapie, nitre three drachms, powdered squills half 
a drachm, tartar emetic two drachms, powdered foxglove half a 
drachm. 

URINE DRINK. 

Dissolve in a pint of water, nitre six drachms, Glaubers' salts two 
ounces. 

INFLAMMATORY EMBROCATION. 

Spirits of wine one ounce, Goulard's extract half an ounce, soft 
water one quart. 

EMBROCATION FOR SPRAINS. 

Salt half a pound, sugar of lead a quarter of an ounce, sal am- 
moniac two ounces, vinegar one and a half pints, water one pint. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 31 

EYE WATER. 

Sugar of lead one drachm, white vitriol two scruples, rain water 
one pint. 

]^" 0> 2. — Corrosive sublimate four grans, alcohol one ounce, lime 
water one pint. 

DRINK FOR FEYER. 

Sweet spirits of nitre one ounce, symple oxymel six ounces, tar- 
tar emetic three drachms. 
LIQUID FOR SOFTENING AND TOUGHENING HOOFS. 

Oil of turpentine four ounces, tar four ounces, whale oil eight 
ounces; to be. applied morning and night. 

PURGE. 
Oil of turpentine one drachm, aloes powdered eight drachms. 

LIQUID PURGE. 

Epsom eight ounces dissolved, castor oil four ounces, tincture of 
aloes eight ounces. 

SCALDING MIXTURE FOR POLL EVIL. 
Corrosive sublimate finely powdered one drachm, yellow basili- 
con four ounces. 

FOOT STOPPINGS. 
Horse and cow dung about two pounds each, tar half a pound. 

WASH FOR PROUD FLESH, ETC. 
Lunar caustic one drachm, water two ounces. 



("The numbers attached to this list indicate their relative strength; No, 2 
being the strongest. 

The proportion for an ox is very little less than for a horse: a cow some- 
thing less; a calf about one-third of the quantity; a sheep one.fourth as much 
as a cow.] 



32 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



ADDITIONAL ORIGINAL RECEIPTS. 



YELLOW WATER. 

Bleed one and a half pints, then give one quart whisky, haif an 
ounce of coperas, half an ounce of sulphur, half an ounce of assa- 
foetida, half a pound of boxwood inner bark powdered, mixed and 
reduced one-half -by simmering; to which add one grain, of quinine, 
and give as a dose, and repeat once an hour for three times. 

BOTTS. 

Drench with new milk well sweetened with molasses, then after 
an interval of fifteen minutes, give a quart of weak ley made from 
hickory. 

HEAVES. 

To sixty drops of tartaric acid add four quarts of sweet milk; 
make a bran mash of this, and give one in twenty -four hours for a 
week if necessary. 

CURE FOR BLACK TONGUE IN HORSES AND CATTLE. 

Take of borax and alum an equal quantity, say one ounce of each 
half an ounce of copperas ; mix and pulverize them ; make a strong 
tea of sage, put the whole of the ingredients into it, and sweeten it 
with honey. When cold, swab the mouth with it every hour or 
two; after which, oil it with sweet oil. 



THE FAMILY PHYSICIAN, 



GENERAL REMARKS ON TREATING DISEASES. 

If a fever, the first object should be to remove the cause ; which 
is always some obstruction, that is oftener of the perspiration than 
any other, which is easily ascertained by the dryness of the skin, 
that should be removed with diaphoretics. Where the bowels are 
constipated or costive, remove it with cathartics; if flatulent, give 
carminatives. For diseases of the urinary passages, give diuretics; 
of the blood, detergents; if gangrene, use antiseptics; if a redun- 
dancy of urine, astringents and tonics; if gangrene, use antiseptics; 
cramps, spasms, &c, use antispasmodics; hemorrhages, use styptics; 
obstructions of the mensis, use emenagogues; for general debility, 
or weakness, use corroberants and stimulants. 



BILIOUS DISEASES. 



INTERMITTENT, or FEVER AND AGUE. 

Symptoms.— Yawning and stretching; fits of cold attended with 
shivering, that end in a convulsive shaking of the whole body ; this 
is immediately succeeded by a hot burning fever. When there is 
a clear intermission between the paroxysms, it is called intermittent. 
This disease usually proceeds from inhaling the effluvia that arises 
from stagnant waters and marshy ground, and using as a beverage 
impure water. 
C 



34 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

Remedy— AlopatMc— On the first symptoms of the chill, take 
from 40 to 50 drops of laudanum, in a little sweetened spirits, and 
get into a bed and cover up warm. If attended with much inflam- 
mation, bleed, and open the bowels with a mild cathartic ; dissolve 
24 grains quinine in 4 table-spoonfuls of gin, and give a tea-spoon- 
ful once in 3 hours. After the fever has entirely subsided, during 
the cold fit give warm drink, and put bottles of hot water to the 
soles of the feet; hot whisky punch is excellent for this purpose. 
The bowels should invariably be thoroughly cleansed previous to 
commencing with the quinine. 

Reformed Botanic Remedy.— Create and maintain a general ac- 
tion through the system. In the commencement, vomit, and purge 
freely with strong thoroughwort tea, and give a table-spoonful of 
the following bitters, as often as the stomach will bear it:— To one 
quart of wine, add 1 table-spoonful of blood root, 2 of wild turnip, 
2 tea-spoonfuls of mandrake, and 2 tea-spoonfuls- of calamus, pul- 
verized. 

BILIOUS, or REMITTENT FEVER. 

This fever commences with a sense of cold and shivering, great 
pain in the head and back, sickness at the stomach, pulse full, 
tongue white in the commencement, but as the fever increases, it 
changes to a brown, the bowels costive, and the skin of a yellowish 
hue, giddiness, difficulty of breathing, and as the disease proceeds, 
delirium, picking at the bed clothes, jerking of the tendons at the 
wrist, tongue furred and black, vomiting a dark bilious matter re- 
sembling coffee grounds, which, if not checked by the power of 
medicines, soon ends in death. Cause same as above. 

AlopatMc Remedy.— Bleed freely, and repeat as often as the 
pulse indicates that it is required; next cleanse the stomach with 
an emetic; after it operates, open the bowels with calomel; the 
lancet and calomel are the two sheet anchors in the beginning ; 
from 10 to 30 grains of calomel, mixed with a portion of jalap, 
may be given in molasses, and repeated until the bowels are thor- 
oughly evacuated; apply a blister to the head; for a diet, give rice 
water, lemonade, &c; see that the bowels are moved at least once 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 35 

a day by purgatives, during the disease; if, however, the disease 
still continues to gain, then salivating must be attended to; to effect 
this, give six grains of calomel, and 3 grains of antimonial powder, 
every three hours; as soon as the patient begins to spit, from the 
effects of sore mouth, cease giving the medicine; as soon as there 
are any s igns of putrescency, omit giving mercury internally. It 
is now necessary to support the patient by giving bark, acids, wine, 
<fec. : keep the room still, and cool ; if the stomach is irritable, give 
salt of tartar 2 drachms, water 6 oz. ; after the tartar is dissolved, 
add by degrees lemon juice till it effervesces ; give a table-spoonful 
once in thirty minutes. 

Reformed Practice Remedy. — Bleed in the commencement of 
the disease. Get the patient into a brisk perspiration, by the use of 
composition, chamomile, hemlock boughs, thoroughwort, or other 
diaphoretic medicine ; cleanse the stomach by vomiting with bone- 
set, lobelia, Indian physic, or emetic tartar from 5 to 10 grains; 
evacuate the bowels with the extract of mandrake, thoroughwort, or 
bitterwort. Apply a mustard plaster to the back of the neck and 
roasted onions or wilted burdock leaves to the soles of the feet, and. 
attend to every natural evacuation. 

TYPHUS, or LOW NERVOUS FEVER. 

Many of the symptoms of the above, with debility, dejection of ' 
mind, heats and chills, loss of appetite, the mind confused, succeeded 
by difficulty of breathing, pain in the head, the hands tremble, the 
fingers are in constant motion, frequent weak and sometimes inter- 
mitting pulse, the tongue dry and covered with a brown fur, cold,, 
clammy sweats, hiccough. 

Cause. — Grief, living in poorly ventilated apartments, excessive 
venereal indulgences, and whatever has a tendency to weaken the 
system. It is distinguished from putrid fever, by its coming on i 
more mildly and gradually, and by being exempt from the putrid 
marks mentioned in the former, and being free from vomiting. 

Alopathic Remedy. — If costive, give mild laxatives, such as rhu- 
barb. Give wine in such, quantities as the stomach will bear, both 
as drink and in food. The patient must be supported by these 



36 THE AMERICAN" FARRIER, 

means, or he is liable to die of debility. If insensibility comes on, 
apply clothes to the head wet in iced vinegar and water; if purging 
sets in, it must be checked at once. To do this, give the following 
astringent mixture : chalk mixture four ounces, tincture of kino one 
drachm, laudanum thirty drops, dose a table-spoonful once in two or 
three hours, give opium in liberal doses every night during the dis- 
ease; give sulphate of quinine, two or three grains dissolved in 
gum arabic tea may be taken four times a day. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment — Proceed the same as in other 
fevers, and give a tea-spoonful of powdered umbil, steeped in a tea- 
cupful of water and sweetened, three or four times a day ; give a 
tea-cupful of hemlock tea two or three times a day; and in 
case the bowels become relaxed, give a tea of the inner bark of 
white oak, or pills of opium, or cranesbill, and attend to all the nat- 
ural evacuations. 

HECTIC FEVER. 

This fever is simply a symptom of some other disease, as con- 
sumption. 

Symptoms. — Night sweats ; bowels at first costive, then the reverse ; 
alternate chills and flushes, a circumscribed spot on the cheeks, a 
peculiar delicacy of complexion. 

Remedy. — Remove the disease that causes it. 

JAUNDICE. 

Symptoms. — Languor, loss of appetite, a bitter taste in the mouth, 
the eyes and skin of a yellowish color, vomiting and the stools clay- 
ey, and the urine high colored, dull pain under the last rib of the 
right side, which pressure increases ; the pails are hard and full 
when there is much pain and fever. 

Cause. — It arises from many of the same causes as fever, al- 
though in this disease there is an obstruction of the biliary ducts, 
insomuch that the bile, instead of passing into the intestines, is 
taken up by the absorbents, and with the blood to the surface; 
this gives the skin a yellow appearance. Intemperance is a very 
common cause. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 37 

Alopathic Treatment. — If the pulse be full and hard, attended 
with much inflammation, let blood. The patient should then be 
placed in a warm bath and kept there some time. When removed 
to bed, a grain of opium should be given once in three or four hours, 
until the pain is removed. Cloths wrung out of hot decoctions of 
bitter herbs, should be applied to the seat of the pain. When 
some degree of ease is obtained, purgatives must be given, and per- 
severed in — calomel and jalap, or Epsom salts. 

Reformed Practice Remedy. — Give a sw,*at with hemlock tea; 
give freely of a decoction of boneset— give it cold. Attend to all 
the natural evacuations, and give the jaundice bitters. 

COLIC. 

Symptoms. — Violent shooting pains that wind round the navel, 
attended with costiveness and vomiting, &c. It is distinguished 
from inflammation of the bowels by being relieved by pressure. 
It commences without fever, but it soon follows, especially when 
inflammation takes place. 

Alopathic Treatment. — In the first place, give a large dose of 
laudanum in peppermint and water, and apply a mustard plaster 
below the navel Give 50, 60 or 70 drops of laudanum at once, 
as the pain is more or less violent, and repeat the dose in twenty or 
thirty minutes, if necessary; and if very severe, eighty or ninety 
drops may be given in a clyster in a gill of gruel. Give the laud- 
anum in increased doses until it does relieve. When relief is ob- 
tained, give castor oil by the mouth, and clyster to open the bow- 
els. If this does not succeed, give a tobacco clyster. In all cases 
of obstinate colic, the fundament should be examined by the finger, 
and if there are any hard, dry pieces of excrement tnere, they; may 
be removed either by the finger or the handle of a spoon. Give 
the following colic pills: Calomel and jalap each ten grains, opium 
one and a half grains, tartar emetic half a grain, oil of aniseed one 
drop; make into one pill or more and take at a dose. 

Reformed Treatment. — When it proceeds from wind, give a 
strong decoction of calamus, ginger, peppermint and Cayenne pep- 
per. If it is caused by constriction with costiveness and fixed and 



38 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

severe pain, in order to prevent inflammation, it is well to bleed 
and follow the general mode of treatment and colic powders. 

CHOLERA MORBUS, 

Or purging aisd vomiting, preceded by a pain in the stomach and 
bowels, quick and weak pulse, heat and thirst, and cold sweats, 
which sometimes terminate in death. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Give large draughts of chamomile tea* 
chicken tea, and give injections of chicken tea; apply draughts and 
bottles of hot water to the feet, and apply flannels wrung out of 
hot spirits to the bowels and stomach. If the symptoms are such 
as to become alarming, give a pill of six or eight grains of opium at 
a dose for a man. If this cannot be retained on the stomach, then 
give eighty or ninety drops of laudanum in a table-spoonful of thin 
starch by clyster, and repeat as often as is required. If this fail, 
apply a blister to the stomach. When the violence subsides, give 
castor oil to carry off the remaining bilious matter. The patient 
should use vegetable tonic bitters for some time after recovery. 

Reformed Practice Remedy. — Give large and repeated doses of 
chicken broth, beef tea, barley or rice water, or gruel. Either of' 
them may be given in clysters also; after which, give of the ano- 
dyne carminative drops, or the astringent mixture for cholera mor- 
bus. 



CHRONIC DISEASES. 



CONSUMPTION. 

Symptoms. — The first symptoms are a light fever, a quick and 
small pulse, a dry burning in the palms of the hands, the fever will 
increase with the least exercise, pain in the breast, fixed pain in the 
side, pain in the head, dizziness, sickness and fainting turns, loss of 
appetite, expectoration of a frothy matter, which at last becomes 
yellow and solid, the emaciation and pain increase, the pit of the 
stomach appears drawn in, the cough which was at first dry and 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 39 

short now becomes violent, hectic fever, night sweats, looseness of 
the bowels. 

Alopathic Remedy. — In a confirmed state of consumption, nothing 
that art has hitherto been able to do can afford any solid hope of a 
radical cure. When once the disease is firmly seated on the lungs, 
all that is possible to do is to administer palliatives, and thus smooth 
the passage to the tomb. The patient should take gentle exercise 
daily, and avoid everything that is exciting. A complete suit of 
flannel should be worn next to the skin. 

Reformed Botanic Remedy. — In the first place, produce as gene- 
ral an action through the system as possible, and then maintain it. 
Give the emetic pills and repeat the emetic if required, keep the 
surface moist by frequent bathing with saleratus water, rub the 
whole body well once in twenty-four hours with diluted alcohol and 
cayenne, use the flesh brush freely, twice a day take a tea-spoonful 
of the following powder, and if it relax the bowels too much, re- 
duce the dose; if not enough, take more; apply the anodyne sana- 
tive plaster as near the seat of pain as possible, and change the 
plaster once in forty-eight hours. Make a constant drink of blood - 
wort or agrimony tea, every night take from a quarter to half a ta- 
ble-spoonful of the anodyne carminative drops; if very much de- 
bilitated, take golden seal, or columbo, or balm of gilead, and tar 
syrup; to assist the expectoration, take what blood-root pulverized 
will lay on a half dime as often as the stomach will bear ; drink often 
of tea made as follows : equal parts of hyssop, skunk cabbage, and 
colts foot sweetened ; take wild turnip boiled in milk, daily ; cherry 
balsam should be taken three or four times a day, from one to two 
tea-spoonfuls at a time ; moderate exercise should be taken daily ; 
flesh of young animals, and birds and oysters may be eaten. If this 
course is properly and strictly attended to, no curable case need be 
despaired of. 

CHRONIC RHEUMATISM. 

Symptoms. — Is simply one of long standing, it is accompanied 
with fever, and reports itself at every change of weather; it usually 
makes its attacks on the shoulders and hips, attended with stiffness 
and a dull heavy pain. 



40 

Alopathic Treatment, — Purge with senna and salts every other 
day, and rub the parts well with volatile liniment, and use Cayenne 
pepper and mustard freely with your food, and if very severe and 
obstinate, apply a large blister. 

Reformed Botanic Remedy. — Use the rheumatic drops, and apply 
the anodyne sanative plaster ; or make a poultice of roasted scoke 
root, to which add a little laudanum, and apply it, and take a dose of 
the sudorific pills each night. 

DROPSY. 

Symptoms. — A collection of water in some part of the body. In 
the most common dropsy, the legs swell, and when pressed with the 
finger, the pit remains for sometime, the urine becomes diminished 
the thirst increases, the breathing short, and the skin dry. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Give from an ounce to an ounce and a 
half of cream of tartar, dissolved in water, daily ; or half an ounce of 
cream of tartar with one and a half grains of gamboge, may be giv- 
en every other day; or six grains of calomel with one and a half of 
gamboge, may be given three times a week. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment — Bathe the whole surface with 
vinegar and spirits; be sure and use the flesh brush frequently. If 
dropsy of the bowels, take one of the diuretic pills every hour, and 
continue it for eighteen or twenty hours ; they will commence to 
move in three or four hours both by stool and urine ; if this does 
not remove it entirely, omit the pills and take the tonic syrup for 
four or five days, then take the pills as before, and take of the 
tincture for dropsy. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 41 



CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 



MEASLES. 

Symptoms. — Alternate heats and chills, dry cough and hoarse- 
ness, a running at the nose and drowsiness. On the fourth day, 
eruptions like flea bites arise, first on the face and then over the 
body. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Confine the patient to low diet, and let 
him be kept in bed and covered up as warm as is agreeable to his 
feelings; the room should be cool. If there is great pain in the 
head, bleeding may be resorted to, and if there is great pain and 
oppression at the breast, apply a blister ; move the bowels with salts. 
If the eruption should suddenly disappear by taking cold, place the 
patient in a warm bath, and give warm wine, &c, internally, and 
apply mustard plasters to the feet and ankles. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — If the disease is mild, give a 
dose of any mild cathartic, and a tea of red clover blows, or saffron 
flowers ; but if violent, and attended with high fever and difficulty 
of- breathing, bleed and apply the anodyne sanative plaster to the 
breast, and take the sudorific powders. If the eruption strikes in, 
steep in cider the dung of sheep that are fed on clover, and keep 
them warm, and there is no danger. 

MUMPS. 

Symptoms. — The first indication of mumps is a slight fever, which 
usually subsides upon the appearance of a swelling under the jaws, 
sometimes on one side and sometimes on both. 

Treatment.— Keep the head and neck warm, and move the bow- 
els with salts. If they are violent, apply a poultice of arse-smart 
to the throat, and treat them similar to measles. 

PUTRID SORE THROAT. 
Symptoms. — A sense of giddiness and shivering, which is soon 



42 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

followed by great heat, and in a few hours the pain in the head 
becomes acute, the throat sore, the neck stiff, &c. On examining 
the throat and mouth, the uvula and tonsils appear swelled, and of 
a deep red color, which is soon followed by white or ash-colored 
spots, which soon ulcerate ; a scarlet eruption makes its appearance 
on the third or fourth day, first on the face and neck, which soon 
extends over the whole body, a brown fur covers the tongue, in bad 
cases the inside of the mouth and throat become black, and are 
covered with foul spreading ulcers. It is distinguished from 
measles by the absence of cough, sneezing, &c. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Refrain from bleeding in this disease 
totally, and from giving strong or powerful purgatives; the bowels 
should be kept open by mild laxatives and clysters ; if there should 
be obstruction near the close of the complaint, give a few grains of 
calomel and rhubarb. Cold water dashed over the body should 
never be omitted, and as soon as the patient is dried and in bed, 
half a pint of strong mulled wine should be given; to prevent the 
putrescency and support the strength, give bark in cold infusion or 
in substance, with ten or twelve drops of muriatic acid and eight 
or nine drops of laudanum frequently; the Cayenne mixture should 
be taken, gargle the throat with vinegar and water, looseness of the 
bowels should be stopped at once; the diet should consist of arrow 
root, jelly, gruel, <fcc. ; the drink should be wine whey, wine and 
water, &c; increasing the quantity of wine according to the age and 
strength or weakness of the patient. Let the nurse, and others that 
have to visit or stay in the room, take a spoonful of cayenne mix- 
ture from time to time as a preventive. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — When first attacked, give a lo- 
belia emetic, then follow with sulphur and saffron flowers freely, 
use the astringent gargle, give a tea made of dandelion roots and 
tops, and the bark of sassafras roots; give ginger tea and milk 
toddy. 

WHOOPING COUGH. 

Symptoms. — Well known. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Give light eraatics of cream of tartar oc- 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION 



43 



casionally, give a warm bath daily, dissolve a scruple of salt of tartar 
in a pint of water, add ten grains of cochineal finely powdered, and 
sweeten with sugar; give an infant one-fourth of a table-spoonful 
four times a day; two or three years old, half a spoonful, and four 
years and upward, a spoonful. The diet should be light, and all fat 
and oily substances should be avoided. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment.- -Give the tincture of lobelia suf- 
ficient to nauseate, use the warm bath daily, give an emetic of lobe- 
lia if necessary, and give the antispasmodic tincture. 

SMALL-POX. 

Symptoms.— Fever, drowsiness, distress at the pit of the stom- 
ach, which is increased by pressing on it with the hand, and sick- 
ness at the stomach; on the third day, an eruption resembling flea- 
bites appears on the face, breast and head, which gradually spreads 
over the entire body; on the fifth day, little round watery vesicles 
surmount each pimple; the pustules are perfectly formed on the 
ninth day, and the fever declines ; on the fifth day, the pustules 
assume a dark yellow, and the feet and hands begin to swell on the 
eleventh day; the secondary fever now makes its appearance, the 
pustules break and the scab forms. 

Treatment— Place the patient in an airy, cool room, cover him 
but lightly with bed clothes, give a dose of salts every other day 
and thirty drops every night; let the diet be arrow-root, oat-meal 
gruel &c. ; for drink, give water and lemonade. If the eruption 
strikes in from any cause, let him be put into a warm bath, and 
give a little warm wine toddy or whey, and apply blisters to the 
feet. If attended with excessive vomiting, give thirty drops of 
laudanum, with chicken broth prepared without seasoning. 

ITCH. 

Symptoms.— An eruption of small pimples between the fingers, 
on the wrists, and over the whole body, which are attended with a 
very disagreeable itching. 

Treatment— Take sulphur internally and apply itch ointment. 



THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



DISEASES ARISING FROM DEBILITY. 



DYSPEPSY. 

Symptoms.— Nausea at the stomach, heart-burn, palpitation of 
the heart, sour stomach, costiveness, weakness, pain in the head, 
distress after eating. 

Causes.— Intemperance in eating or drinking, sedentary habits, 
want of exercise, diseased liver. 

Alopathic Treatment.— By all means abstain from everything 
that has a tendency to produce indigestion; light animal food that 
is easy of digestion and nourishing, should comprise the diet; coun- 
try air, and exercise on horseback is invaluable. Flannel should be 
worn next to the skin, and exposure to wet and cold be avoided. 
Take one ounce of powdered bark and one ounce of quassia, and 
put them into a quart of water and simmer them near the fire, in a 
close vessel, down to a pint, and take a wine glass full three times a 
day, and eleven drops of elixir of vitriol, three times a day for months ; 
take sufficient of the root of rhubarb to keep the bowels regular;' 
use the cold bath daily, dissolve four grains of quinine in eight tea- 
spoonfuls of spirits, and take one tea- spoonful once in eight hours, 
daily; avoid all spirituous liquors and strong beer. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment— Cleanse the stomach with the 
vegetable bilious pills, take the tonic syrup four times a day, and 
make a syrup of columbo, black alder, bitter-sweet and sassafras, 
and take three or four times a day, and a plenty of exercise daily. 

FLUOR ALBUS or WHITES, 

Is a flux of thin matter of a white color. Sometimes it is a 
greenish or yellow. 

Cause.— Frequent miscarriages, immoderate flow of the menses, 
sedentary habits. 

The diet should be light and nourishing, a moderate use of port 
wine, moderate exercise, and frequent bathing of the parts, and in- 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 45 

ject with a syringe a portion of the following mixture three or four 
times a day: take one drachm of white vitriol, ten grains of sugar 
of lead, two drachms of water; mix the whole with one pint of dis- 
tilled water; or take one drachm of powdered alum, to be put into 
a pint of the decoction of oak bark, and inject with it. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment — Take the tonic syrup three or 
four times a day, use the astringent injections, and w 7 ear an ano- 
dyne sanative plaster on the small of the back ; let the food be 
light and nourishing, take moderate and frequent exercise in the 
open air, and use the cold bath daily. 

HYSTERICS. 

This complaint assumes different shapes, but generally commences 
with a universal languor and coldness of the extremities, and is often 
owing to a lax tender habit, fluor albus, obstructed menses, &c. It 
is often attended with a difficulty of breathing and palpitation of 
i the heart, and a sense of something like a ball ascending in the 
throat producing a fear of being suffocated, convulsive motions, 
alternate laughing and crying, and a variety of disagreeable sensa- 
tions. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Put the feet and legs in warm water; 
! when they proceed from a suppression of the menses, these evacu- 
ations must be encouraged to return ; give red wine, light but nutri- 
tious food, abstain from tea and other relaxing fluids; let the patient 
take a tea-spoonful of the following spirit during the fit and occa- 
sionally afterwards: Hysteric Spirits. — Proof spirit one pint, sal 
ammoniac two ounces, assafcetida six drachms, potash three ounces; 
mix and draw off by distillation one pint, with a slow fire. Take 
four at noon and at seven in the evening, of the following hysteric 
pills, and wash them down with half a glass of port wine : Com- 
pound pills of galbanum two drachms, rust of iron four scruples, 
syrup of ginger as much as is sufficient to form a mass ; divide into 
j forty pills. If the stomach is affected by cramp, give the follow- 
ting opiate draught once in six hours, and apply bottles of hot water 
I to the feet: Cinnamon water one ounce, spirits of caraway half an 
ounce, sulphuric ether half a drachm, tincture of castor half a drachm. 



40 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

Reformed Botanic Treatment.— Take of the anti-spasmodic tinc- 
ture, after this give the tonic syrup, and of the carminative drops, 
apply an anodyne sanative plaster to the stomach, and mustard 
draughts to the feet; exercise moderately, and keep the mind as 
quiet as possible. 

PALPITATION OF THE HEART. 

The symptoms are familiar to all. 

When it arises from a diseased condition of the heart, it is be- 
yond the power of art to remedy it. Violent exercise should be 
avoided, diet light, and keep the mind as quiet as possible. But 
when it is caused from debility, the only remedy is to restore the 
strength of the general system, and thus remove the ^ause. 

Take the anti-spasmodic tincture and tonic syrup, and drink half 
a pint three times a day of tea made of equal parts of .heart's-ease 
and black alder» 

HYPOCHONDRIA. 

The symptoms are low spirits, languor, a want of activity and 
resolution respecting any undertaking, melancholy, &c. 

Treatment. — A constant but moderate exercise, take sufficient 
cream of tartar or magnesia daily to move the bowels gently, take 
a tea spoonful of Cayenne pepper and the same of valerian alter- 
nately, once in six hours, and take the tonic syrup three times per 
day. 

FLATULENCY, or WIND IN THE STOMACH. 

Take of bayberries six drachms, socotrine aloes two scruples, iron 

filings two scruples, oil of turpentine two drachms, Cayenne six 
drachms, and simple syrup enough to form an electuary ; or take 
one-third of a tea-spoonful of calamus, one-third do. of ginger-root, 
one-third of angelica or dill seed, and steep them in a tea-cupful of 
hot water. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 47 



ERUPTIONS OF THE SKIN 



RING-WORM. 

Symptom. — A circular eruption that itches when rubbed. 

Take one ounce of water, and put rather more blue vitriol in it 
than it will dissolve; touch the eruption several times during tie 
day, or use the sovereign ointment. 

DUE WORM. 

The due worm first appears a small pimple on the skin, and 
spreads something similar to a ring-worm ; it festers and discharges 
a thin, watery matter, and continues to spread in different parts of 
the body, if it is not arrested by proper medicines. 

Treatment. — Make a free use of saffron flowers or sarsaparilla 
tea, and anoint with the due worm ointment. 

SCALD HEAD. 

Symptoms are, inflammation of the skin of the head, which ter- 
minates in a scabby eruption that extends over the whole head. 

Cause. — Putting on the hat or cap, using the same comb, or 
sleeping with one who has it. 

Treatment. — Shave the head, wash it well with Castile soap and 
warm water, and cover it thickly with powdered charcoal, the bow- 
els must be kept open with cream of tartar and magnesia; or, the 
tar ointment may be applied to the head; use the warm bath, or 
the sovereign ointment, or a plaster of white pine turpentine and 
copperas. 

ITCH. 

Symptoms. — An eruption of small pimples between the Angers, 
on the rists, and over the whole body, which form matter, and are 
attended with an intolerable itching. Use the Itch Ointment. 



48 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

SALT RHEUM. 

Symptoms. — It makes its appearance in large blotches discharg- 
ing a fluid, most commonly about the hands. 

For an internal medicine take the compound decoction of Sarsa- 
parilla; and anoint the parts with Sovereign Ointment. 



EXTERNAL INFLATION. 



ERYSIPELAS, or ST. ANTHONY'S FIRE. 

Symptoms. — When mild, it is principally confined to the skin, 
which becomes inflamed in some parts, attended with heat and pain 
and the parts more or less swollen. If the face is attacked, it 
spreads over the scalp, and the eyelids often become so swollen as 
to prevent the patient from seeing; and when extensive, there is a 
fever, attended with drowsiness. After a longer or shorter period, 
the eruption terminates in small watery vesicles, or in scales; at 
this period, the fever abates sometimes, at others great drowsiness 
or delirium comes on, which increases it, and the patient sinks to 
the grave. 

Alopathic Treatment, — The disease is of two kinds. While one 
is chiefly confined to the skin, the other affects the whole system. 
If the fever is inflammatory, it will be proper to bleed, otherwise 
it will not. If the patient is robust, great pain in the head and 
other marks of fullness and inflammation are present. Bleeding, 
purging with salts, and cooling drinks should be used, and Dover's 
powders and boneset tea, to produce perspiration, and the apart- 
ment should be kept cool. If, on the contrary, the fever is al typhus, 
and unattended with inflammation, and the patient is of a debili- 
tated and nervous habit, never bleed, but give opium, wine, bark 
elixir of vitriol, and decoction of snake root, as in typhus, to guard 
agaiust mortification, which sometimes ensues. Bathe the parts 
with laudanum, or dust them with wheat flour. If abscesses form, 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 49 

open them, that they may discharge the matter. When it is the 
inflammatory kind, the diet should be light, but if the typhus form, 
the diet should be more generous, with a moderate form of wine 
lemonade, made from the fresh fruit if possible. 

Reformed Botanic. — When slight, give a decoction of sweet 
<elder, or the bark and flowers of peach tree, or cream of tartar, 
sufficient to keep the bowels open. But when violent, and attended 
with fever and inflammation, bleed and bathe the feet, and apply a 
poultice of flour, mustard and vinegar, and attend to all of the nat- 
ural evacuations, and give a decoction of saffron flowers and swamp 
sassafras, and the detergent syrup. For an external application, 
use burnt flour, or an ointment made of mutton marrow and sweet 
elder blows or the inner bark, and make a constant use of a decoc- 
tion of hemlock and sumach. 

INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATISM. 

Symptoms. — Pain, swelling and inflammation in some of the 
joints, and sometimes shifting from one to another ; all the symp- 
toms of fever; bowels generally costive, and urine high colored. 

Alopathic Treatment—Bleed, and purge with senna and salts ; 
produce a perspiration with Dover's powders, and diet low. If the 
pain continues severe, and the blood taken appears yellow, continue 
the bleeding from time to time, until the inflammation sabsides. 
Keep up an active purging with salts and senna. When the disease 
has subsided, if the patient is very weak, wrap him up warm, and 
give wine and nourishing food. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — Bleed and sweat freely; thor- 
oughly evacuate the bowels, with the fever pills; give one of sudor- 
ific pills once in 4 hours; give from 1 to 4 tea-spoonsful of rheu- 
matic drops 3 or 4 times a day, or take J of a lb of broken brim- 
stone, add 2 quarts of boiling water, shake it well several times, in 
24 hours turn off the liquor into a bottle, and give a wine-glassful 
3 or 4 times a day; if very severe, give £ 'of a tea-spoonful of 
sudorific powders once in 2 or 3 hours. 
D 



50 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

BURNS AND SCALDS. 

Apply tar water, or sweet oil, or volatile liniment ; or cover the 
whole surface thick with wheat flour. But, as a sovereign remedy, 
proceed as follows : Take a quart of new milk and put into it a 
piece of alum one-half as big as a hen's egg, (let the alum be pul- 
verized,) and heat until it forms a curd, then apply the curd to the 
whole surface and keep it wet with the whey, and renew it every 
30 minutes; it allays the pain in a few minutes. After the pain is 
extracted, heal it with the anodyne sanative plaster. 

BILES. 

Symptoms. — A hard, inflamed and painful tumor. 

Treatment. — Attend to the natural evacuations; give a wine- 
glassful of detergent syrup, or a tea-spoonful of sulphur three 
times a day; and hasten the suppuration by applying a poultice of 
warm bread and milk or milk and flax-seed; when[to a head, open 
it and apply the common yellow salve. 

WHITLOW, or FELON. 

Symptoms. — An inflamed tumor at the end of the finger. There 
are three kinds. The first is situated around the nail, under the skin ; 
the second in the cellular membrane — the swelling and pain is much 
greater than the above ; the third lies under the sheath or covering 
of the tendons of the fingers, and is more painful and dangerous 
than either of the others. 

Treatment. — The first, open the little abscess with a needle and 
let out the matter, which prevent from forming by bathing with 
camphorated spirits ; disperse the second by purging and blistering ; 
if you cannot allay the inflammation by these means, make an early 
and free incision in the middle of the last joint of the finger down 
the bone, with a keen penknife ; after permitting the blood to run 
a few minutes, treat it as a common cut; and pursue the same 
course with the third. They may also be cured by seasonably ap- 
plying a mixture of quick lime and strong soft soap. A constant 
application of the same will cure a white swelling, if applied in 
season. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 51 



HEMORRHAGES. 



CUTS. 



If large, should be closed together, either by a stitch orstitcking 
plaster, but first stop the bleeding, and wash away the dirt with a 
sponge and warm water; a soft compress of old linen may be laid 
over the whole, after which dress it with the common salve. 

BLEEDING AT THE NOSE. 

Keep the patient erect or sitting with the head thrown a little 
back, take off the cravat, unbutton the shirt collar, and expose him 
freely to the cold air; apply ice or cold vinegar and water to his 
testicles and the back of his neck, and use, as a snuff, powdered 
colt's tail or fireweed, or the common puff ball, and, if necessary, 
make a small plug of flesh of sole leather and stuff it up the nos- 
tril. 

DYSENTERY, or BLOODY FLUX. 

Symptoms. — Fever, frequent small stools, accompanied by grip- 
ing, bearing down pains, the discharge consisting of pure blood or 
blood and matter, sometimes resembling threads of flesh; a con- 
stant desire to go to stool ; vomiting. 

Alopathic Treatment. — It will be proper in most cases to bleed 
at the beginning of attack. Give repeated doses of castor oil with 
clysters of the same, and blisters on the belly should never be omit- 
ted. If there is much vomiting at the beginning, the stomach and 
bowels should be cleansed by barley or rice water, taken by the 
mouth and in clysters ; when this is effected, give 1 or 2 grains of 
opium; if this is rejected, give SO or 90 drops of laudanum in a 
table-spoonful of chicken broth, or starch, by clysters. The stom- 
ach may be bathed with a mixture of camphor and laudanum, and 
the irritation reduced by the same means as cholera morbus. The 



5 2 THE AMERICAN PARRIES, 

diet should consist of gum arabic dissolved in milk, arrow root jelly - 
rice water, &c, and give clysters of these things several times a 
day. As it approaches near the termination of the complaint, as- 
tringents become necessary. Give occasional doses of castor oil to 
obviate costiveness. . If in this stage of the disease there should 
still continue a constant desire to go to stool, place a couple of grains 
of opium just within the fundament. The astringent that should 
be given now is, chalk mixture 4 oz., tincture of kino 1 drachm, 
common water 2 oz., laudanum h a drachm; give a table-spoonful 
once in two hours. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — At the commencement of this 
disease, it may be arrested|by giving 1 or 2 portions of the vegeta- 
ble bilious pills; after they have operated, give the expectorant pills; 
then give cranes bill or a decoction of white oak bark.' If the dis- 
ease progresses, give the anodyne sudorific, and of the carminative^ 
drops, and make a constant use of arse-smart tea. 

FLOODING, or IMMODERATE FLOW OF THE MENSES 

Are usually occasioned by weak vessels, thin blood, and plethoric 
habits, generally in delicate women, who make an immoderate use 
of tea, and other enervating liquids. It also arises from abortions 
and from too hard labor. 

Treatment. — Astringent fomentations may often be very proper. 
Cloths dipped in decoctions of oak bark, and a little brandy, and 
astringent injections may be used where : the flowing is profuse. 
Take of decoction of bark I pint, alum in powder 3 drachms, mix 
and use; take proper- exercise, a light but moderate diet, and use 
port wine moderately. 

Botanic Treatment. — Warm the extremities and use the astrin- 
gent, and, if necessary, use cold applications on the bowels, and if 
attended with much pain, make a free use of mother-wort tea, and 
wear an anodyne sanative plaster on the small of the back. 

BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS. 

Symptoms. — Blood of a bright red color, often frothy, brought 
up by coughing. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 53 

Treatment. — Give a table-spoonful of common salt If the pulse, 
is full, bleed. Mix 2 grains of sugar of lead with \ a grain of 
opium, and give it every 3 or 4 hours ; and in very severe cases, 5 
or 6 grains with 2 of opium should be taken at once. The most 
perfect rest should be insisted on, and the diet should be cold rice 
water. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment.— Give cranes bill, hemlock, white 
oak bark, both in cold decoction and powder. Give the astringent 
powder, from a tea to a table-spoonful, once an hour or oftener, if 
necessary. 

BLEEDING PILES. 

Symptoms. — Pain in the fundament when going to stool, and 
small tumors project beyond its verge. They are of two kinds — 
blind and bleeding. They are external and internal. 

Treatment. — Give a table- spoonful of salts twice a day, and a 
table-spoonful of columbo once a day; inject a solution of alum 
or a decoction of the inner bark of red oak. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — Give mild cathartics, which 
should be followed by astringents; and use the flowing ointments: 

Lard Ointment — Put some lard into a pewter platter and rub it 
with a ball of lead, until the lard becomes the color of the lead, 
then put the meat of some pumpkin seeds into it and fry it slowly 
until they will crisp, then rub it on the pewter until thoroughly 
mixed, and rub it on once or twice a day. 



INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, 



INFLUENZA. 

Symptoms. — Stoppage of the nose, dull pain in the head, at- 
tended with fever, and sore throat 

Treatment. — Bleed, purge, diet low, drink freely of cold water 
or lemonade, and apply an anodyne sanative plaster on the forehead 
and on the throat. 



54 THE AMERICAN FARRTER, 

PLEURISY. 

Symptoms. — A sharp pain in the side, inability to lie on the af- 
fected side, pulse hard and quick, and the tongue white. 

Alopalhic Treatment — Take from 10 to 14 oz. of blood, put a 
large blister on the side, and give a large dose of salts; repeat th 
bleeding as often as the pulse indicates it to be necessary, and if 
there is no expectoration, apply another blister close to the other 
one, and give freely of a warm decoction of hemlock, and diet low. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — Sweat freely and often, it ove 
the bowels daily with fever pills; give a dose of the expectorant 
pills once in six hours; apply a mustard plaster to the upper part of 
the back, and an anodyne sanative plaster to the side. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 

Symptoms. — A dull pain in the right side below the rib, which 
is more sensible on pressure; an inability to lie on the left side; pain 
in the right shoulder; complexion sallow, &c. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Bleed according to the age and strength 
of the patient; apply a blister to the side, and keep it open by dres- 
sing with the savin ointment; move the bowels with epsom salts. I* 
the sympoms do not abate in a few days, give a pill of one grain of calo- 
mel every five hours, until the gums become a little sore, when the pills 
must be discontinued until the mouth gets well, then proceed as before. 
If an abscess points outwards, apply a bread and milk poultice to 
the tumor; omit the mercury, and use wine and bark and a gener- 
ous diet. As soon as the matter is to be felt within it, open it, at 
its lowest projection, with the point of a lancet, and let out its con- 
tents slowly, and do not close the wound till this is completely 
effected. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment — Give of the detergent syrup 4 
times a day ; give a dose of the vegetable bilious pills every night, 
beginning with 6, then 4, then 2, then 4, then 6, then 8, then 6, 
and so on; give the jaundice bitters 3 or 4 times a day. In all 
cases of inflammation, it is necessary to open the pores at the sur- 
face, cleanse the stomach and bowels, and produce and maintain a 
general action through the system. Pleurisy root may be given 
freely in form of tea in all cases of inflammation. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 55 



SPASMODIC DISEASES. 



ASTHMA. 

Symptoms. — Tightness across the breast, frequent short breath- 
ing attended with a wheezing, increased by exertion and when in 
bed. It comes on in fits and in paroxysms. 

Treatment. — Take a sufficient quantity of the leaves, stem and 
pods of Indian tobacco, put them into a bottle and fill it up with 
brandy or spirits, give a tea-spoonful every half hour; take the 
dried roots of thorn apple and skunk cabbage, and powder and 
smoke it, or take the asthmatic tincture. 

CROUP. 

Symptoms. — Is most prevalent with children and is attended with 
a difficulty of breathing, and a shrill croaking cough, restlessness 
and great thirst, and comes on imperceptibly and suddenly. 

Alopathic Treatment. — Administer a brisk emetic of ipecac, and 
repeat in two hours ; give oxymel of squills in the intermediate 
time; give a warm bath often; put a blister between the shoulder 
blades; calomel, in two grain doses, every two hours; above eight 
years, the calomel may be increased to six, eight or ten grains ; let 
them hold a small quantity of a strong decoction of snake or sene- 
ca root in the mouth, and swallow it slowly; keep the patient near- 
ly upright in bed to guard against suffocation. Sneezing may be 
excited by introducing strong snuff up the nostrils by means of a 
camel-hair pencil. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment — Give an emetic of lobelia, or 
Indian physic, or of ipecac, and the juice of roasted onions sweet- 
ened with honey, to be given freely ; spread a plaster of hog's lard 
and sprinkle Scotch snuff over it, and apply to the throat and 
stomach; repeat the whole process as often as required. This 
course proves a sovereign remedy. 



56 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

CONVULSIONS, or FITS. 

Symptoms. — Sometimes falling without sense or motion ; pro- 
found sleep; face livid or flushed; eyes wide open or half closed, 
and immovable ; breathing low, irregular and laboring, as in apo- 
plexy. In epilepsy, the patient falls to the ground in a convulsion, 
the eyes are distorted and turned up, hands clenched, foaming at 
the mouth, convulsions, which end in a deep sleep. 

Treatment. — If the pulse is full, and the face flushed, and symp- 
toms of great determination of blood to the head, let blood, unbut- 
ton the shirt collar, take off the cravat, and place the patient in bed, 
with the head and shoulders a little elevated; give all the air pos- 
sible ; apply a blister to the back of the neck, and mustard plasters 
to the feet, and sathe the legs, from the ankles to the knees, in 
horse raddish leaves previously soaked in boiling water, apply them 
hot ; give active purges, and assist them with clysters ; and give of 
the anti-spasmodic tincture. 

CRAMPS IN THE STOMACH. 

Symptoms. — Violent spasmodic pain in the stomach, which is so 
severe as nearly to occasion fainting. 

Treatment. — Put the patient in bed, and give 40 or 50 drops of 
laudanum in a tea-spoonful . of ether, and put bottles of hot water 
to the stomach, and repeat the laudanum and ether, if the distress 
does not subside, or give doses of the anti-spasmodic tincture. 

. LOCKED JAW. 

Symptoms. — Stiffness in the back of the neck, which is at first 
painful, and at last impossible to turn the head, difficult in swallow- 
ing, pain in the breast which shoots to the back, the lower jaw stif- 
fens and gradually closes. 

Old School Treatment. — If the disease arise from a wounded 
nerve, or from an injury done to the tendinous parts, by any point- 
ed instrument, enlarge the wound with a lance or penknife, and 
pour laudanum or turpentine into it; from a hearty man, take 20 or 
30 oz. of blood, then give 2 or 3 grains of opium, and repeat it 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 57 

every two hours, and increase the dose according to the effect it has 
upon the patient, regardless of the quantity that has been given ; 
purge with castor oil and senna; if the patient cannot swallow, then 
the same must be administered by clyster; give a wine-glassful of 
Madeira wine every hour; give the warm bath often. Give the 
tobacco clyster in extreme cases only. 

Reformed Botanic Treatment. — Make an incision* as above, and 
turn into it the tincture of lobelia; apply a poultice of arse smart 
and whisky, hot, and cnange it as often as it becomes cool ; apply 
the same to the face and jaws; use the warm bath; give from 40 
to 60 drops of anti-spasmodic tincture every ten or fifteen minutes 
until it affords relief. 



Symptoms. — A tumor is surrounded by enlarged veins, and the 
skin is sometimes discolored and puckered, the whole is heavy and 
ultimately breaks into a malignant ulcer or sore, with uneven, 
ragged or raised edges, that curl, over like the leaves of a flower; 
white across it from the centre to the circumference; acute and 
darting pains ; when it has once extended its deadly influence to 
the vital parts, it is to be dreaded next to death 

Treatment. — Take the blows of red clover and extract the juice, 
by steeping and pressing, then boil it away to the consistancy of 
molasses, then take the juice of sheep sorrel dried away on pewter, 
and thoroughly incorporate them, and make a constant application 
of it to the cancer, at the same time take it internally. Or take a 
lump of light dough and old hog's ^lard, of equal size, well mixed; 
change the plaster once in 24 hours. When the core runs out, ap- 
ply the anodyne sanative plaster until the cure is completed. Make 
a constant drink of agrimony or sarsaparilla tea. 

SCOFULA, or KING'S EVIL. 

Symptoms. — Hard and indolent swelling of the glands of the 
neck, which, when ripe, instead of matter, discharge a whitish curd. 
It generally occurs in persons of a fair complexion, blue eyes, and 
delicate make. In bad cases, the joints swell, with great pain; the 



58 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

limbs waste; the ligaments and bones are destroyed, and hectic 
fever relieves the patient from misery. The only permanent cures 
that I have ever known effected, have been by the following 

Treatment. — Take the bark of the root of the bitter sweet dan- 
delion, tops and roots, burdock roots, sumach bark of the root, yel- 
lowdock roots, tag- elder tags and bark, sassafras bark of the root, 
sarsaparilla roots; agrimony leaves, blows and seeds; white pine, 
inner bark; winter green, the whole plant; in equal parts; put 
them all into a vessel, and let them first simmer for 24 hours, then 
strain off the liquor and stand it away; fill up the vessel again with 
water, after pounding the roots to a pumice ; now boil them for six 
hours, press and strain off the liquor, put the two liquors into a 
clea^nAf^^McUh^^^^toXhe consistency of thin -molasses; now 
add piire^Rramea m^^^^rd a little^ririts to prevent fomentation, 
and take a table-spoonful once in two or three hours. If the throat 
is inflamed, gargle with a strong decoction of oak bark, or nut gall, 
and wear a plaster around the neck and throat constantly, of ano- 
dyne sanative plaster. If taken in season, this will prove a sover- 
eign remedy. 

WENS. 
Treatment. — Same as Cancer. 



VENEREAL DISEASES. 



GONORRHCEA, or CLAPP, 

Is an inflammation of the mucus membrane lining the urethral 
in males, and the vagina in females. There is a discharge of mu- 
cus, first white, which afterwards becomes a yellow or greenish 
tinge. A scalding pain attending the discharge of urine. Invol- 
untary and painful erection of the parts. 

Treatment. — For the first symptoms, or inflammation of the 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 59 

parts, take 2 oz. of the balsam of copoevia, 1 oz. of sweet spirits of 
nitre, 1 oz. of gum arable dissolved in 4 oz. boiling water, and i 
oz. of laudanum; put the whole into an 8 oz. bottle, fill it with wa- 
ter, and shake it well previous to using; and take one tea-spoonful 
three times a day; take J a tea-spoonful three times a day of. pow- 
dered mandrake, or one in the morning and one in the evening, of 
the venereal pills, until it has the desired effect; drench the inside 
and scour the outside of the guilty member with castile soap suds, 
after which, inject with the following: 30 grains of white vitriol, 
and 35 grains sugar of lead, and -J- oz. laudanum, to 1 pint of rain 
water. 



CHORDEE, . 

+ • #4*'«*< *.*'' . 

Or a painful erection of the part; occurs mostly in the night. 
Take 30 or 40 drops of laudanum at night, and the next clay take 
a dose of salts. If the inflammation increases, let blood, and take 
small potions of spirits of nitre and gum arabic. 

GLEET. 

Consists in a discharge of a thin mucus fluid, subsequent to the 
inflammatory symptoms. 

Treatment. — In addition to the above take of tonic syrup. 

SEMINAL WEAKNESS, 

Is an involuntary discharge of semen, sometimes attended with 
pleasure. This sometimes proceeds from self pollution, straining, 
the imprudent use of diuretics, &c. Nothing has a tendency to 
debilitate with such rapidity as this kind of gleet. As a remedy 
use the tonic syrup, and the cold bath daily, and a generous diet, 
and abstain from sexual indulgence. 

CHANCRES, OBSTRUCTION OF URINE, <fec. 

lh addition to the pills, &c, take constantly a tea-spoonful of sas- 
safras, sarsaparilla and white pine. 



60 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

SYPHILIS, OR POX, 

Is the venerial family seated, and is distinguished by chancres 
and buboes, or warts, about the genitals, succeeded by ulcers in the 
throat, a destruction of the nose and the palate, blotches on various 
parts of the body, with pains in the chin bones and shoulders, the 
voice is lost, the hair falls off,, the system is filled with abhorred poi- 
son, and, unless arrested, soon proves an entire mass of the most 
disgusting corruption. 

Treatment — Take 2 of the blue pills every day, or the same of 
the venereal pills, and take a tea-spoonful of powdered mandrake 
twice a day. If there are buboes, apply the anodyne sanative plas- 
ter, or apply a poultice of arse-smart, rye flour and vinegar, like- 
wise, to the testictes,4^%elltd; if «|pen ulcers, wash with castile 
soap suds, and dress them with mercurial ointment. Diet light* 
abstain wholly from spirituous liquors; hard fatigue and all kinds of 
exposure must be avoided. 

HEAD-ACH 

Arises from different causes. It is only a symptom of some dis- 
ease, such as indigestion, foul stomach, tight^cravats or collars, a 
rushing of blood into the head. 

Treatment — The most common cause is a foul stomach, for this 
administer an emetic, and in 24 hours give a purgative. If the 
pulse is full and a violent beating of the artery in the temples, bleed 
and apply cloths wet in cold water to it. Remove whatever cause 
it proceeds from. 

SPRAINS. 

Plunge the parts sprained into very cold water, and hold it in as 
long as you can bear it, and repeat it for some time; then rub it 
well with camphorated spirits. If the sprain has happened to a 
joint, and it remains weak, pour cold water on it several times a day» 
from the spout of a tea-kettle held at some distance from it. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 61 

CONCUSSION OF THE BRAIN. 

Symptoms. — Breathing slow, great drowsiness, stupidity. 

Treatment — Wet cloths in cold vinegar and water and apply to 
the head; when the stupor is gone, let blood, and give a dose of 
salts. He should be kept iu bed, upon low diet, and the room be 
kept entirely still. 

DIRECTIONS FOR BLEEDING. 

Tie a bandage around the arm at least two inches above the el- 
bow ; feel for the pulse at the wrist ; if it is stopped, it is too tight, 
and must be slackened. Select the most prominent vein, and feel 
if an artery lies near it; if you feel one so near as to be in danger 
of wounding it, select another. Set your lancet (a spring one,) 
bend the arm in the position it is to 'be ♦kept i in during the flowing 
of the blood. Now place the cutting edge of the lancet on the 
vein, while you depress the handle just as much as you wish the 
cut to be deep, by touching the spring on the side with your thumb, 
The work is done. Take off the bandage, press the cut together, 
place a little lint compress on it, and bind up the whole with a 
bandage passing round in the form of a figure eight. 

WORMS. 

Symptoms. — Itching at the nose, and sometimes at the funda- 
ment, disagreeable breath, grinding of the teeth and starting during 
sleep, hardness of the belly, emaciation, colic, and frequently con- 
vulsions. 

Treatment. — There are three kinds of worms, requiring a va- 
riation in the treatment, according to the kind of worms to be de- 
stroyed. 

THE ROUND WORM 

Inhabits the small intestines, and sometimes rambles into the stom- 
ach. It varies in length from three to eight or twelve inches. The 
following tincture proves an almost universal remedy : Tincture of 
Aloes — Socotrine aloes one ounce, liquorice two ounces, dill seed 
half an ounce, gin or old whisky one pint. Let it stand in a bottle 
for eight days, shaking it often ; then strain and bottle it. Dose for 



0*2 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

an adult is two table-spoonfuls; for a child, from half to a whole 
tea-spoonful every morning, with half the quantity of a strong de- 
coction of Carolina pink root If this tincture fail to remove them, 
the pink root may be taken in decoction, or in powder, sixty or eighty 
grains at a dose, and follow it after three or four days with ten or 
fifteen grains of calomel. When all these means fail, pound a few 
tobacco leaves with vinegar and apply it to the belly, and it will in 
ninety cases out of a hundred, produce the desired effect. 

THE WHITE THREAD WORM 

Resembles a small piece of white thread, and usually takes up its 
residence near the fundament, where it produces a contraction of 
the parts, and an unbearable itching. Ciysters of lime water fre- 
quently destroy whole nests of them, and afford instant relief. If 
preferred, give the tincture 'of aloes. 

THE TAPE WORM 

Inhabits the whole length of the internal canal, and often bids suc- 
cessful defiance to all efforts to expel him. The best prescription 
that we have ever tried, is to let the patient fast for twelve or eight- 
een hours, and then give a large dose of spirits of turpentine in new 
milk well sweetened with molasses. Continue the fast for six hours 
more, and then give a large dose of castor oil. See list of medi- 
cines. 

GRAVEL. 

Symptoms. — A fixed pain in the loins, numbness of the thigh, 
retraction of the testicles, urine small in quantity, voided with pain, 
sometimes bloody ; when the gravel passes from the kidney into the 
bladder, the pain is often so acute as to occasion fainting, &c. 

Treatment. — Spirits of turpentine taken on a lump of sugar often 
acts like a charm in soothing the pain ; it should be taken once in 
thirty or forty minutes. If the irritation of the stomach is very 
great, the effervescing draught should be taken with twenty or thirty 
drops of laudanum. An infusion of carrots is good. A celandine 
decoction, dandelion, juniper, queen of the meadow, rushes, winter- 
green, gooseberry and black currant roots, milk-weed roots, clevers 
or goose-grass in decoction or in gin, onions in gin, arse-smart in 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 63 

decoction, and parsley, and sweet spirits of nitre, either alone or all 
combined, will effect a cure, if persevered in. Take one of the 
diuretic pills once in two hours. 

DIABETES, or AN IMMODERATE FLOW OF URINE. 

Symptoms. — Frequent discharges of large quantities of urine; 
skin dry, bowels costive, appetite voracious, weakness, and gradual 
emaciation of the whole body. 

Treatment.— The principal remedy for this disease consists in 
confining the patient to a diet composed exclusively of animal food, 
and apply the anodyne sanative plaster over the kidneys. Take of 
the following powder three times a day: Peruvian bark 20 grains; 
uva ursi 20 grains, opium half a grain, with a little lime water i 
keep the bowels open with, the root of rhubarb, and wear flannels; 
or diet as above, wear the plaster, do., and give the tonic syrup, 
and the following decoction of sumach, bark of the root, hemlock 
bark or twigs, rose willow equal parts, and a small portion of gum 
kino; to be taken, a wine-glassful three times a day; keep the 
bowels open as above. 



DISEASES, &c. INCIDENT TO INFANTS, 



YELLOW GUM. 

The yellow gum is known by a yellow tinge of the skin, with a 
great inclination to sleep. Give a tea-spoonful of castor oil to clear 
the intestines, and a little weak saffron tea, or a tea made of red clo- 
ver blows, or chamomile tea; after which, give three or four grains 
of rhubarb. 

VOMITING. 

When the food is ejected in an unaltered state, it is a pretty 
good symptom of over-feeding; but when the vomiting is bilious, or 



64 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

when the food is partly digested, the food should be changed, and 
the bowels opened with the tincture of rhubarb, from half to a whole 
tea-spoonful at a time; or a tea-spoonful of pure sweet oil once an 
hour until the bowels are sufficiently evacuated, and the vomiting 
stopped. If attended with much griping pain, add to the oil or rhu- 
barb a few drops of paregoric. 

HICKUPS. 

These usually proceed from acidity in the stomach, and may be 
remedied by giving eight grains of prepared chalk with two of 
rhubarb given in a little gruel. If very severe, rub the stomach 
with a little soap liniment. 

GRIPING AND FLATULENCY. ■ 

These are known by continual crying and restlessness, and draw- 
ing up of the legs. When accompanied with diarrhoea and green 
stools, give a few grains of magnesia and rhubarb; if sour belchings 
continue still, give a tea-spoonful every fifteen minutes of a weak 
solution of tartar emetic, or tincture of lobelia, until the child vom- 
its. After this, if the purging continues, give a little more mag- 
nesia and rhubarb, and occasionally a little chalk mixture. 

NETTLE-RASH or RED-GUM, &c. 

All that is required to be done, is to keep the bowels open with 
magnesia or rhubarb, and not to expose the child to the cold, which 
might drive the eruption in, and thus produce inflammation. 

FALLING DOWN OF THE FUNDAMENT. 

This occurs frequently to children who cry much. It is also pro- 
duced from straining on going to stool, or who have had a diarrhoea 
In case the gut be swelled or inflamed, foment with a decoction of 
oak bark, and bathe frequently with cold water; replace the protrud- 
ing parts with the finger, and support it by a bandage, and give 
tonics. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION, 65 

A DESCRIPTION OF THE PULSE 

The pulse is simply the beating of an artery. At each contrac- 
tion of the heart, a portion of blood is forced into the arteries, which 
expand or swell to let it pass, and then immediately resume their 
former size, and then await a second stroke of the same organ, 
when a fresh column of blood is pushed through them, and a simi- 
lar action is produced. This swelling and contraction of the arte- 
ries constitutes the pulse; consequently it is found in every part of 
the body where those vessels run near enough to the surface to be 
felt. The strength and velocity of the pulse vary much in different 
persons, even in a state of perfect health. It is more rapid in chil- 
dren than in adults. In old persons, it becomes more feeble and 
slow, owing to the decreased energy of the heart. 

A full, strong and tense pulse, is when the artery swells boldly 
under the finger, and more or less resists its pressure. If in addi- 
tion to this, the pulsation be very rapid, it is termed quick, full and 
strong; if the contrary, a hard, corded pulse is when the artery 
feels like a tightened string of a violin, resisting the pressure of the 
ringer. The soft and intermitting pulse is easily known by its 
name. In extreme debility, on the approach of death, and in some 
particular diseases, the artery vibrates under the finger like a thread 
There are two kinds of blood-vessels — arteries and veins. The 
arteries carry the blood from the heart to the extremities of the 
body, where they are connected with the veins which bring it back 
;^ain. An artery beats; a vein does not 



FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 



PILLS. 

Laxative Pills.— -Take of powder of cinnamon ten grains, soco- 
trine aloes in fine powder and castile soap, each one drachm; beat 
them together in a stone or iron mortar, adding one or two drops of 
syrup of molasses; divide into thirty-two pills. Dose for an adult, 
from two to four. 

Pills of Aloes and Fetida.—Take soeotorine aloes and assafoe- 
tida and soap of each equal parts : pill with gum Arabic. These pills 
are good in indigestion, attended with costiveness and wind in the 
stomach and bowels. 

Purging Pills.— Take rhubarb one ounce, cream of tartar three 
ounces ; grind together, and take a tea-spoonful in molasses occa- 
sionally, to prevent costiveness. 

Colic Pills. — Take cinnamon, cloves, mace, myrrh, saffron, cas- 
tile soap, each one drachm, socotrine aloes one ounce, essence of pep- 
permint sufficient to moisten it; make common-sized pills, and take 
them till they operate. 

Aperient Pills.— Take of the blue pill twenty grains, compound 
extract of colocynth half a drachm; mix and divide into twelve pills. 
Take one or two for a dose every second or third night. 

Tonu and Astringent Pills. — Take of gum kino and extract of 
Peruvian bark each one drachm, molasses sufficient to form a mass ; 
to be divided into thirty-six pills, and three to be taken in the fore" 
noon and three in the afternoon, in fluor albus. 

Compound Colocynth Pills. — Take of pith of colocynth cut 
small six drachms, hepatic aloes one and a half ounces, scammony 
half an ounce, cardamon seeds husked and bruised one drachm, 
castile soap softened with warm water so as to have a gelatinous 
consistence, three drachms, warm water one pint; digest the colo- 



i 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION, 67 

cynth in the water, in a covered vessel, with a moderate heat for 
four clays; express and filter the liquor, and add the aloes and 
scammony separately, reduced to powder; then evaporate the mix- 
ture to a proper consistence for making pills, having added towards 
the end of evaporation the soap jelly and powdered seeds, and mix 
all the ingredients thoroughly together. These pills are a warm 
and stomachic laxative. They act like a charm in costiveness. 
People of sedentery lives should never be without them; and upon 
the whole, they are one of the most useful articles in the medica 
materia. 

Compound Aloetetic Pills. — Take of hepatic aloes one ounce, 
ginger root in ponder one drachm, castile soap half an ounce, es 
sence of peppermint half a drachm ; powder the aloes with the gin- 
ger, then add the soap and the es-ence so as to form an intimate 
mixture. This is an excellent purge for costive habits. A dose is 
from five to ten grains. 

Compound Assafoetida Pills. — Take of assafcetida, galbanum and 
myrrh, each one ounce, rectified oil of amber one drachm; beat 
them into a mass with simple syrup. 

These pills are anti-hysteric and emenagogue, and are well cal- 
culated for that purpose. Dose, a scruple or more every night, or 
oftener if necessary. 

Compound Rhubarb Pills. — Take of rhubarb in powder one 
ounce, socotrine aloes six drachms, myrrh half an ounce, vola- 
tile oil of peppermint half a drachm ; make them into a mass with 
sufficient quantity of orange peel syrup. These pills are moderately 
warming and strengthening to the stomach. 

Plummcrs' Pills, — Take of calomel one drachm, sulphate of an- 
timony one drachm, gum guaiacum two drachms; mix these thor- 
oughly with mucilage and divide into sixty pills. Take two pills at 
night. These pills are alterative, diaphoretic, purgative and benefi- 
cial in cutaneous eruptions. 

Uxpectorant- Pills. — Take of dried root of squills, in fine powder, 
one scruple, gum ammoniac, lesser cardamon seed in powder, 
extract of liquorice, each 1 drachm; form them into a mass with 



68 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

simple syrup; take from 10 grains to 1 scruple, three times a day. 

Tar Pills. — Take of tar 1 drachm, elecampane in powder a suffi- 
cient quantity to form a mass, to be divided into 60 pills; take 2 
to 4 for a dose, for coughs, colds, and other diseases of the lungs. 

Sudorific Pills. — Opium 1 oz., ipecacuanha 1 oz., pleurisy or 
white root 1 oz., camphor gum half an oz., all to be powdered 
and made into a mass, with the mucilage of gum arabic, and made 
into common sized pills. One pill may be given every four hours. 
They ease pain, create a moderate perspiration, &c; good where 
opiates and sudorifics are necessary. 

Bilious Pills. — Aloes and gamboge 1 oz. each, salts of nitre half 
an oz.; form a mass with gum arabic mucilage; dose from 2 to 4 
pills. 

Blue Pills.— Purified quick silver, and the conserve of red ro- 
ses, or honey, each 1 oz. ; starch 2 oz.; rub the quicksilver with 
the conserve or honey in a glass or marble mortar, till the globules 
disappear, adding now and then a little mucilage of gum arabic; 
then add the starch and beat the whole into a mass, with a little 
water if necessary. To be divided into two hundred and forty pills. 
Dose, one pill night and morning. For venereal complaints, &c. 

Emetic Pills. — -Indian hemp the roots, ipecacuanha, lobelia, pul- 
verized, equal parts, or of each one ounce; emetic tartar half an 
ounce; to be formed into a mass with the syrup of ginger. One 
common-sized pill may be given once in thirty minutes until they 
operate. 

Diuretic Pills. — Gamboge one ounce, salts of tartar half an 
ounce, salts of nitre half an ounce; to be formed into a mass with 
the extract of high queen of the meadow roots, and made into com- 
mon-sized pills. Give one pill once in two hours in case of an ob- 
struction of the urine, gravel, stone or dropsy. 

Expectorant Pills.— Take of blood-root, mandrake and Indiaa 
hemp, each one ounce, lobelia the seeds and leaves a quarter of an 
ounce, wild turnip one ounce, all powdered fine, opium half an 
ounce, liquorice ball half an ounce; all to be formed into a mass 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 69 

with the mucilage of flax seed, or slippery elm and honey; make 
into common-sized pills, and give one once in six hours. For 
coughs, colds, consumptions, &c. 

Vegetable Emetic Pills, — Take of Indian hemp roots, Indian 
physic or American ipecacuanha two ounces, lobelia and blood-root 
each one ounce; boil to an extract, harden it for pills with ipecac- 
uanha and gamboge, equal portions. To be taken once in half an 
hour until it operates. 

Vegetable Bilious Pills. — Mandrake eight ounces, blood root 
four ounces, lobelia the seeds and leaves four ounces, gamboge eight 
ounces, all to be powdered fine, oil of peppermint a quarter of an 
ounce, and as much molasses as will form a mass. Make into com- 
mon sized pills and give from two to six pills. 

Anti- Venereal Pills. — Mandrake roots two ounces, blue cohush 
one ounce, calomel one ounce, opium half an ounce; to be formed 
into a mass with the mucilage of gum arabic. Dose, one pill twice 
a day. Good in every stage of the venereal. In hectic fevers give 
one or two, but, not to be continued. 

Sovereign Anti-Fever Pills. — Take of the root of Indian phy- 
sic or American ipecac two pounds, thoroughwort two pounds, but- 
ternut bark half a pound, white walnut inner bark half a pound, 
Indian hemp half a pound; to be put into a vessel and filled with 
soft water, and steeped (but not boiled,) for twenty-four hours. 
Then turn off the liquor, strain it and set it aside ; pound the same 
roots and herbs to a pumice, fill the vessel again with soft water 
and boil it for six hours, then press and strain off the liquor; put 
the two liquors together and boil them down to a thick extract with 
a slow Gre; be coreful not to burn. Let it stand in an open shal- 
low dish until it dries sufficient to pill. Pill in powdered rhubarb. 
Give from three to six for a dose, once in six hours, until the bow- 
els and stomach are thoroughly evacuated. If the symptoms of 
fever and inflammation commence with violence, give a strong de- 
coction of Indian physic warm, every fifteen minutes, a tea-cupful 
at a time, until it vomits sufficiently, and follow it with the pills, 
and the fever will be completely vanquished. 



?0 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

POWDERS. 

Sweating or Dovers Powders. — Ipecac in powder, opium dry, of 
each half an ounce, sulphate of potash four ounces; grind them to 
a fine powder and thoroughly mix them. Dose, from five to twen- 
ty grains as the stomach will bear them; lessen the dose if it threat- 
ens to puke. This is an excellent sweating remedy in fevers, rheu- 
matisms and dropsy, and in colds and suppressed respiration. 

Aloetic Powder with Iron. — Socotrine aloes powdered one and 
a half ounces, myrrh powdered two ounces, extract of gentian and 
sulphate each in powder, one ounce; mix them. This is an aloetic 
and chalybeate conjoined. It is a useful medicine, and is particu- 
larly employed in cases of obstructed menstruation. 

Aromatic Powders. — Take of cinnamon, cardamon, ginger and 
cloves equal parts; powder them fine, and bottle tight. Good in 
flatulency, debility, &c. 

Astringent Powders. — Take of gum kino and alum equal parts; 
powder and mix. Dose, a quarter of a tea-spoonful once in two or 
three hours. In case of flooding, diabetes, bloody urine, &c. 

Another. — Cranes bill, birth root, skunk cabbage, columbo, equal 
parts. Powder and mix. Give one tea-spoonful three times a day t 
in case of debility, fluor a! bus. 

Cathartic Powders. — Mandrake root pulverized, and blue vitriol 
each two ounces, blood root one ounce; all to be mixed. Give 
half a tea-spoonful two or three times a day. They remove cos- 
tiveness and correct the stomach and bowels. Good in fever and 
ague, chronic inflammation of the liver, consumption, &c. 

Stimulating Cathartic Powder. — Add to the last one ounce, or 
columbo one ounce, cayenne a quarter of an ounce. Give three- 
fourihs of a tea-spoonful as the above. 

Cough Powder. — Elecampane the root, liquorice root, blood root, 
cranes-bill root, wild turnip, each four ounces; powder and mix. 
Take what will lay on a half- dime three or four times a day, in 
honey or molasses. 

Cough Powder. — Take four spoonfuls of skunk cabbage, two of 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 71 

hoarhound, one of wild turnip, one of lobelia, one of cayenne, one 
of bay berry, one of bitter-root, one of nervine or umbil; powder 
and mix. Give half a tea-spoonful of the powder in molasses once 
in ten or twelve hours. 

Nerve Powder, — Take equal parts of umbil or nervine, and moth- 
erwort and pulverize them together. Give one tea-spoonful in hot 
water sweetened, as often as required. 

Colic Powders —Pleurisy or white root two table-spoonfuls, cay- 
enne one tea-spoonful; powdered and mixed; to be steeped in half 
a pint of water. Sweeten and take the whole for a dose, and 
repeat it according to circumstances. 

Emetic Powders, — Lobelia the leaves and seeds, Indian hemp 
the roots, each two ounces, blood root half an ounce, anise seed or 
master-wort, all to be pulverized. Give one tea-spoonful of the 
powder in a tea-cupful of warm water sweetened or gruel, and re- 
peat every fifteen minutes until it operates. 

Expectorant Powders. — Cranes-bill root two ounces, blood root 
one ounce, lobelia half an ounce, wild turnip one ounce; powder and 
mix. To be given in small nauseating doses. 

Sudorific Powders, — Take pleurisy root and wild turnip each two 
ounces, blood root one ounce; powder and mix. Give half a tea- 
spoonful once an hour, in fevers, after the stomach is well cleansed. 

. Anodyne Sudorific Powders.— -Take of blood root"*one ounce, 
wild turnip two ounces, opium a sixteenth part of an ounce, cam- 
phor gum a quarter of an ounce; powder and mix. Give a quar- 
ter of a tea-spoonful once in two hours. They ease pain and cre- 
ate a moderate perspiration. Good in fevers, dysentery, &c. 

Steel Powders. — Heat a bar of steel nearly melting hot. Rub 
it with a roll of brimstone over water; powder the balls, and. add 
to it equal parts of ginger and loaf sugar. Give one tea-spoonful 
twice a day. It strengthens the stomach, regulates the menstrual 
discharges, or removes obstructions of the same. Good when com- 
bined with other strengthening medicines for dyspepsy or worms in 
children. 



72 THE AMERICAN FARRIER 



SYRUPS. 



Simple Syrup. — Take of double- refined sugar fifteen ounces, 
water eight ounces. Let the sugar be dissolved by a gentle heat, 
boiled sufficient to form a syrup. 

Syrup of Ginger.— Take of the best ginger three ounces, boil- 
ing water four pounds, double-refined sugar seven and a half pounds; 
steep the ginger in the water, in a close vessel, for twenty-four 
hours, then to the strained liquor add the best sugar, so as to make 
a syrup. This is an agreeable and moderately aromatic syrup, im- 
pregnated with the flavor and the virtues of the ginger. 

Syrup of Lemons.— Take of the juice of lemons suffered to 
stand til! the sediments fall, then strain off the liquor, and to three 
parts of the liquor add five parts of double-refined sugar; dissolve 
the sugar in the juice till it forms a syrup. In the same way are 
prepared syrup of mulberry juice, raspberry, black currant juices. 
All these are pleasant, cooling syrups, quenching thirst, and may be 
used in gargles for sore mouth. 

Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. — Take of sarsaparilla root, 
cut and bruised, six ounces, the bark of sassafras root, the shavings 
ofguaiacum wood, liquorice root, each one ounce, Ihe bark of meze- 
reon root three drachms. Put the whole into a vessel with soft 
water, digest with a gentle heat for six hours, then bruise and 
strain thin; boil, and when boiled about three-fourths away, add 
the mezereon root, and with a gentle fire reduce it to a syrup. 
Good in purifying the blood, good in scorbutic and scrofulous cases, 
and in cutaneous eruptions. Obstinate swellings and tumors fre- 
quently give way to it. 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla. — Take sarsaparilla root and put in a ves- 
sel with soft water, and steep for twenty-four hours; take out the 
root and bruise it and put fresh water to it, and boil for six hours, 
then press and strain, put the two liquors together and boil to a 
syrup. A little previous to taking it off, add a little of senna de- 
coction and sugar. 

Syrup of Rhubarb. — Take of bruised rhubarb two ounces, boil- 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 73 

ing water one pint; macerate for twenty-four hours, strain and add 
two parts of sugar to one of rhubarb, then boil to form a syrup. A 
beautiful laxative. 

Tonic Syrup.— Bedim of gilead the buds, black cherry bark, 
black alder the bark or berries or both, columbo root, box wood 
bark or blossoms, unicorn root, white wood bark of the root; to be 
made as the sarsaparilla, omitting the senna, and taken as the stom- 
ach will bear. It strengthens the whole system. 

Detergent Syrup. — Burdock root, dandelion tops and root, bitter 
sweet bark of the root, sumach bark of the root, tag aider bark 
and tags, sassafras bark of the root, agrimony the whole plant, sar- 
saparilla root, white pine inner bark, equal parts, and one-half part 
of elecampane; to-be made as above, and boiled to the consistency 
of thin molasses; then to every quart of syrup, add, a few minutes 
previous to taking it off, one gill of molasses. Dose as the stomach 
will bear it, from a table-spoonful to a half wine-glassful, three 
times a day. It cleanses and purifies the blood from all humors, 
and creates a free circulation. 

Tar Syrup.— Take one gill of tar, one pint of wheat bran, half 
a pound of loaf sugar, and two quarts of water. Stir them well 
together, and let it stand thirty-eight hours; then strain off and 
add one quart of lime water. Dose, a wine-glassful three times a 
day. This has proved a sovereign remedy in coughs, consumption, 
bronchitis, &c. 



TINCTURES. 

Tincture of Bark— Take of Peruvian bark in powder two oun- 
ces, orange peel dried half an ounce, Virginia snake root bruised 
three drachms, saffron one drachm, proof spirits (rum) two pounds; 
steep fourteen days and strain. Taken as a bitter. A tea-spoon- 
ful in a glass of wine before eating. Useful in low fevers. 

Tincture of Guaiac. — Take of gum guaiac one pound, alcohol 
two and a half pounds; steep for seven days, and strain. A pow- 



74 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

erful sweating remedy in rheumatism and old gouty affections. 
Dose, a tea-spoonful in spirits. 

Tincture of Cayenne. — Cayenne one ounce, diluted alcohol one 
quart ; digest for ten days and strain. 

Compound Tincture of Senna. — Take of senna leaves two oun- 
ces, jalap root one ounce, coriander seeds half an ounce, proof spir- 
its two and a half pints; digest seven days, and add to the strained 
liquor four ounces of su<*ar-candy. This tincture is a useful car- 
minative and cathartic, and removes flatulent and colic complaints 
where the common cordials have but little effect. Dose from one 
to two ounces. 

Tincture of Rhubarb. — Take of rhubarb three ounces, carda- 
mon seeds bruised half an ounce, diluted alcohol, two and a half 
pints. Digest for ten days and strain. 

Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. — Take of rhubarb two ounces, 
liquorice root bruised half an ounce, powdered ginger, saffron, each 
two drachms, diluted alcohol one quart; digest ten days and strain. 
Dose, half an ounce, a good aperient, or one ounce in a violent di- 
arrhoea . 

Tincture of Opium or Laudanum. — Take of opium powdered 
one ounce, diluted alcohol one pint; digest ten days and strain. 

Anti-spasmodic Tincture. — Take the leaves of stramonium and 
lobelia of each two ounces, valerian or white snake root one ounce, 
pleurisy or white root two ounces, master- wort, angelica or anise one 
ounce, castor one ounce, opium one ounce; all powdered and put 
into an earthen vessel, with two quarts of alcohol, and half a pint 
of the juice of roasted onions; add a quarter of an ounce of Cay- 
enne, keep in sand heat for thirty-eight hours, then press and strain, 
let it settle clear and bottle. Dose, from thirty to forty drops, and 
in some cases sixty drops. It may be given in hot water and sweet- 
ened, or on sugar. In case of cramps and spasms the dose may be 
repeated every ten or fifteen minutes until it gives relief; or in 
whooping cough from ten to thirty drops once in half an hour until 
it nauseates or vomits; or in croup to be taken the same way; in 
case of asthma from forty to sixty drops, to be repeated until it 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 75 

gives relief; so in case of lock-jaw. Those that are subject to 
cramps and convulsive fits, may take thirty drops a clay, and in- 
crease the dose one drop every day. It is a sovereign remedy in 
all spasmodic diseases. 

Asthmatic Tincture.- — Take half a pound of quicklime, slack it 
by turning two quarts of hot water; while it is slacking, stir in one 
pint of tar; stir them well together and let them stand and settle. 
Take half a pound of wild turnip, half a pound of milk-weed roots 
fresh, a small handful of lobelia; bruise them and add to them two 
quarts of wine; keep in sand heat twenty-four hours, then press 
and strain, and add to it the lime-water, and bottle fur use. Dose, 
a wine-gla&s three times a day. Good in asthma, coughs, consump- 
tion, hysterics, cramps, spasms, <fcc. 

Tincture for Dropsy. — Take Indian hemp roots, sumach bark of 
the root, white oak bark, currant twigs, peach twigs, elder the roots, 
horse radish roots, of each a double-handful, mustard seed a tea- 
cupful, and the same of old rusty iron, cider sufficient to cover the 
whole. Do-e, a wine-glassful three times a day. Diet, ginger tea 
and crackers. 



DROPS. 



Rheumatic Drops. — One table -spoonful of pulverized mandrake 
root, one of cohush black, and a large handful of pipsissaway, or 
princes' pine, and one quart of wine in a bottle. Dose, from one to 
four tea-spoonfuls three or four times a day. Good in chronic 
rheumatism, gout, &c. 

Carminative Drops. — Angelica or master-wort roots four ounces, 
valerian or white snake root two ounces, calamus half an ounce, dill 
or anise seed and fennel seed one ounce, catmep blows and mother- 
wort a large handful of each, pleurisy root four ounces; all to be 
put into an earthen vessel with two quarts of whisky; keep it steep- 
ing slow twenty-eight hours; then press and strain the liquid, and 
add to it one ounce of laudanum, and half a pound of loaf sugar; 



76 



THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



let it settle and bottle. Dose for children, from ten to sixty drops, 
according to their age; for an adult, from one to five tea- spoonfuls, 
in a tea-cupful of warm tea. It may be repeated once in four or 
five hours. It creates a moderate perspiration, and eases pain, and 
produces refreshing sleep, removes flatulency and wind colic, is good 
in hysterics and nervous affections, female debility, and quiets rest- 
less children, &c. 

Cholera Drops. — To one quart of alcohol add two ounces of oil 
of hemlock, one ounce of gum guaiacum powdered, one and a half 
ounces of gum myrrh, three table-spoonfuls of powdered Cayenne, 
one table-spoonful of spirits of turpentine and two grains of cam- 
phor gum. I have cured several cases of cholera in the last stages 
with this alone. I have never known it to fail in a .single instance. 
Dose, from ten to sixty drops in hot water sweetened, and bathe 
freely with it at the same time, and repeat every fifteen or twenty 
minutes until cured. It is also extremely good for rheumatic pains, 
pain in the head, stomach or elsewhere. Bathe the parts every 
night and morning, and take from five to thirty drops internally at 
the same time. 

Cough Drops.-— Take of saffron flowers one ounce, blood root 
half an ounce, liquorice root one ounce, elecampane one ounce, wild 
turnip one ounce, the bark of sumach roots two ounces; all to be 
put into three pints of whisky; keep it warm for forty eight hours, 
then press and strain, let it settle, and add to it one tea- cupful of 
the juice of roasted onions, and one quart of lime-water, one pint of 
tar water, and one pint of molasses, and bottle it for use. Dose, 
from one-fourth to a wine-glassful three or four times a day. 
Good iu.cough, consumption, bronchitis, <fcc. 

Cough Drops, 2d. — Sweet oil, 1 pt. ; raw flax seed oil, -J- pt.; 
molasses, | pt. ; spts. turpentine, 1 oz. ; balsam fir, 1 oz. ; liquorice 
ball, \ oz.; simmer them all until they are well mixed. Dose from 
10 to 60 drops twice or thrice a day, for colds, coughs, consump- 
tion, &c. 

Cough Drops, 3d. — Oil anise, oil almond, balsam fir, tincture 
of balsam tolu, each -J a drachm; wine, I pt Dose from 20 to 30 
drops, three or four times a day. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION, 



17 



Covgh Drops, Uh. — Take four drachms of paregoric, elixir; 2 
drachms sulphuric ether; 2 drachms tincture tolu; mix, and take 
(mm 50 to 70 drops, night and morning, or whenever the cough is 
troublesome, in a little milk-warm water. 

Cough Drops, bth. — Mix together four drachms squills syrup, 4 
do. of elixir of paregoric, 4 do. of syrup of poppies. Dose, sixty 
drops in a little warm tea. 



MIXTURES. 

Anti- Dysenteric Mixture.— Take good vinegar, ard as much salt 
as it will dissolve; add one tea-spoonful of it to four of hot water 
and take it hot, and repeat it once in two hours until it operates. 
It is a sovereign remedy in dysentery. 

j\To. 2.— Take rhubarb two ounces, cardamonseed half an ounce, 
oinger half an ounce, brandy one quart. Dose, a table- spoonful 
three or four times a day. 

Aperient Mixture. — Root ginger, saffron {lowers, each 1 oz, ; 
bark of white ash roots, one handful; sweet plantain tops and 
roots, a double handful; vervain tops and roots, a double handful ; 
all to be broken to a coarse powder. These may be made into a 
tea, or boiled to a syrup, or tinctured in two quarts of spirits, and 
taken as the stomach will bear. It opens the system; is very good 
in obstructions of the menses, in rheumatism ; and proves effectual 
in driving diseases to the surface, such as measles, erysipelas, or 
any humor of the blood, &c. 

Astringent Mixture. — For cholera morbus, burnt cork, a table- 
spoonful; loaf sugar, three spoonfuls; one nutmeg powdere'd; 
cranes-bill, a spoonful; and brandy sufficient to make it of the 
consistency of molasses. Take a tea-spoonful, as often as required 
for cbolera morbus, dysentery, diarrhoea, <fcc. 



78 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

BITTERS. 

Jaundice Bitters. — Take of the bark of the roots of box wood, 
white wood, black cherry, and prickly ash, each one handful ; horse- 
radish roots, and mustard seeds, each two oz. ; a handful of hops; 
put them into one gallon of cider; dose, a wine-glassful three times 
a day. 

Female Bitters. — Take cranes-bill, 4 oz. ; comfrey, 4 oz.; birth 
root, 4 oz. ; motherwort roots, 4 oz. ; white wood bark of the roots, 
4 oz. ; orange peel, 1 oz.; cinnamon, -|oz. ; pound them to a coarse 
powder; put them into three qts. of wine; sweeten with Joaf sugar. 
Good in all cases of female debility, fluor albus, immoderate flow 
of the menses, &c. 

Ague Bitters.— -Take one table-spoonful of blood root, two 
table-spoonfuls of wild turnip and two tea-spoonfuls of mandrake; 
pulverize them and put them into one quart of wine. Dose, a ta- 
ble-spoonful as often as the stomach will bear it. 

India Cholagogue Bitters. — Take one gill of the dust of hops, 
put it into a pint of brandy, digest t.n days and strain; add to it 
half an ounce of the essence of winter-green. This is the far-famed 
India Cholagogue. Dose, one tea spoonful or a table-spoonful half 
an hour before eating and at bed-time. A sovereign remedy for 
fever and ague, and all kinds of bilious complaints. 



OINTMENTS. 

Simple Ointment. — Take sweet oil five ounces, white wax two 
ounces; melt them together. This is used for softening the skin, 
and healing chaps and excoriations. 

Golden Ointment. — Take of purified quick-silver one ounce, 
nitric acid eleven drops, lard six ounces, olive oil four ounces; dis- 
solve the quicksilver in the acid, then mix the hot solution with the 
oil and lard melted together. This is an excellent ointment for 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 79 

sore eyes, scald head, and most sorts of ulcers. When first used, it 
should be mixed with an equal quantity of simple ointment. 

Yellow Baailicon Ointment. — Take of yellow wax four ounces, 
white resin four ounces, frankincense four ounces; mix and melt 
over a slow tire, then add one pound of hogs' lard; strain the oint- 
ment while warm. This ointment is the best dressing for all heal- 
thy ulcers. 

Pile Ointment — Take one ounce of golden ointment, and the 
same quantity of almond oil; mix them carefully in a mortar. 
Apply this to the part once or twice a day. 

Itch Ointment- — Take of powdered white hellebore two drachms, 
flour of sulphur one ounce, essence of lemon one ounce, hogs' lard 
two ounces. Make it into an ointment. Smear all the joints for 
three nights with this, wash it off in the morning with soap-suds. 
Repeat the smearing three times at the interval of two days, and 
the most inveterate itch is certain to disappear. Give at the same 
time a tea-spoonful of sulphur night and morning. 

Sovereign Itch Ointment — Take half an ounce of red precipitate, 
one ounce of Venice turpentine, and six ounces of hogs' lard; mix 
them thoroughly. Anoint the hands and wrists and under the 
joints, and use it in the same way as a preventive when exposed 
to it. 

Due Worm Ointment — Two tea-spoonfuls of the scrapings of 
the outside of a brass kettle, one of gunpowder, one of sulphur, 
mutton tallow the bigness of a hen's egg, the yolk of an egg, two 
spoonfuls of tar, and half a pint of rum; put them together and 
simmer over a slow fire until the rum is evaporated. Anoint the 
parts affected until cured. 

Nerve Ointment — Bitter-sweet the bark of the root, mullen 
flowers, of each a pound, chamomile and worm-wood each eight 
ounces, fresh; bruise; to these add four quarts of hogs' lard, (pos- 
sums' oil is better;) simmer them slowly until the roots and herbs 
are crisped, then add one pint of spirits of turpentine, strain and 
bottle for use. Good for sprains, bruises, and all hard swellings, 
tumors, contracted tendons, <&c. 



SO THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

Sovereign Ointment for Salt Rheum, &c* — Take of quicksilver 
one ounce, aqua fortis one ounce; mix them in a mortar till the 
quicksilver disappears, then mix it well with half a pound of hogs* 
lard previously melted; anoint with it until cured. 

Rupture Ointment — Take of high mother of thyme, sweet plan- 
tain, malice, poplar bark, white oak bark and hemlock bark, equal 
parts, and simmer them in hogs' lard. Anoint the parts and around 
the rupture often until a cure is effected. 



SALYES. 



Common Salve.— Take one pound of bees-wax, one pound of 
salt butter, one and a half pounds of turpentine, and twelve ounces 
of balsam of fir; melt and strain and put it up for use. 

Green Salve. — Verdigris a lump half as big as a hen's egg; melt 
it slowly with half a gill of water; when melted, combine this with 
half a pound of yellow salve by simmering. This is the genuine 
green salve, good for old ulcers and fever sores. It destroys fungus 
flesh, <fec. 

Foots Solve.— Resin and bees-wax of each one and a half pounds, 
hogs' lard three pounds; simmer the whole together for three hours, 
and when partly cool, add two ounces of the oil of spike. Good 
for fever sores, tumors, stiff joints, &c. 

Yellow Salve. — Two or three leaves of tobacco to be put into a 
pint of cider, to be kept milk warm for twenty -four hours; strain or 
press out the liquor, and add" to it resin, bees- wax and lard, six 
ounces of each; simmer it over a slow fire till the cider is all evap- 
orated. Good for scald head, salt rheum, chapped hands, bruises, 
burns, and ulcers of all kinds. 

Indian Ulcer Salve. — Resin, brown sugar, hard soap and flax- 
Meed oil, to be well mixed over a slow fire. If too soft, put in more 
resin. For all kinds of ulcers. Applied to the breast or stomach 
in case of restriction, it gives great relief. If the head is stopped 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 81 

up by a cold, apply a plaster across the nose. Apply a plaster to 
the throat for quinsy or sore throat. 



PLASTERS. 

Anodyne Plaster. -r-Take of hard opium powdered half an ounce, 
resin of spruce fir powdered three ounces, lead plaster one pound; 
melt the plaster and resin, together, then add the opium and wax 

Compound Burgundy Pitch plaster. — Take of Burgundy pitch 
one pound, labdanum half a pound, yellow resin and yellow wax 
each two ounces, oil of mace half an ounce ; melt the pitch, resin 
and wax together; then add first the labdanum, and then the oil of 
mace. This plaster should be worn on the breast in all cases of 
weakness of the chest, and after a protracted cough. 

Adhesive Plaster. — Take of common or litharge plaster five 
ounces, white resin one ounce ; melt them together* and spread the 
liquid compound on strips of linen, with a common table-knife. 

Anodyne Sanative Plaster. — Take the bark of sumach roots, 
arse-smart, hops, spignard, wormwood and blue flag root, of each a 
double handful; put them all in an earthen vessel with two quarts 
of sharp vinegar; keep it warm twenty-four -hours, then bruise and 
press them ; let them stand and settle, then add two pounds of red 
lead, one quart of sweet oil; boil them over a slow fire, constantly 
stirring for five or six hours, or until it will work like wax; a little 
previous to taking it off, add to it two ounces of laudanum, and a 
quarter of a pound of Burgundy pitch; as soon as taken off, add 
two ounces of camphor gum, one ounce of salts of nitre, and -one 
ounce of oil of spike ; keep stirring until cool, then put it up in 
boxes for use. It is a safe and certain remedy in all cases of exter- 
nal inflammation ; such as boils, wounds or bruises, hard swelled 
tumors, old ulcers, fever sores, scrofula or kings' evil, ruptures, ague 
in the breast, pain in the stomach and all external inflammation. 
F 



82 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

Apply it as near the part as possible. Good in case of sore throat 
or quinsy — a good strengthening plaster, and is far preferable to a 
blister, except in obstinate cases of pleurisy. Spread on thin leath- 
er and change when necessary. 

Strengthening Plaster. — Take of Castile soap two ounces, Bur- 
gundy pitch six ounces, brandy half a pint, camphor gum a quarter 
of an ounce, opium a quarter of an ounce, spirits of turpentine one 
spoonful; simmer them down to a plaster, and spread, on leather. 

Leaden Plaster. — Linseed oil, neats' foot oil, each one pint, resin 
two ounces, gum myrrh two ounces, bees-wax four ounces, white 
and red lead each half a pound; simmer it over a slow fire until it 
changes its color, which will take four or five hours, and when tak- 
en off add one ounce of gum camphor. It is a good strengthening 
plaster, and is a sure cure for all kinds of ulcers, <fcc. 

Sticking or Adhesive Plaster. — Take Burgundy pitch four oun- 
ces, bees- wax two ounces; melt them together, add half a pint of 
sweet oil and half a pound of litharge. 

Tonic Absorbent Plaster. — Take four quarts of wheat bran and 
put into it eight quarts of soft water; let it stand where it will keep 
milk- warm for twenty- four hours; express the juice from six blood 
beets, strain the water from the bran, put the juice of the beets into 
it, add a quarter of a pound of Normandy pitch, (or common r%sin 
as a substitute,) and simmer to a plaster, or until the liquor is evap- 
orated. Be careful not to burn. 

Hebreio Excelsior Plaster. — Spermaceti tallow three ounces, oil 
of cedar one ounce, bees- wax four ounces, British oil two ounces, 
oil of spike one ounce, resin two pounds four ounces; melt the resin 
and spermaceti together, then add the other ingredients. Work 
it like wax and make it into rolls, Good for burns, bruises, ulcers, 
fresh cuts, &c. i 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 83 

LINIMENTS. 

Volatile Liniment — Take spirits of hartshorn one ounce, sweet 
oil two ounces, add a little camphor. Good for burns, sprains, 
bruises, rheumatism, pain in the head or face, or elsewhere, as an 
external remedy. 

C ameliorated Liniment — Take of sweet oil two ounces, camphor 
half an ounce ; dissolve the camphor in the oil. Good applied to 
local pain, to glandular swellings, and to the bowels in tympany. 

Liniment of Oil and Lime. — Take of linseed oil and lime water 
equal parts; mix them. This liniment is extremely useful in bums, 
and scalds, and is efficacious in preventing inflammation after such 
accidents. 

Sedative Liniment. — Dissolve half a drachm of sugar of lead in 
two ounces of vinegar, then add one ounce of rum with one pint of 
water. Linen cloths dipped in this are to be applied to inflamed 
joints or other inflamed parts. 

Opodeldoc. — Take of Castile soap two ounces, camphor one 
ounce, alcohol one pint; mix the soap with the alcohol and let it 
stand till the soap (occasionally shaking) is dissolved; then add the 
camphor and continue shaking the vessel frequently until the whole 
is dissolved. Useful in sprains, bruises and* rheumatic pains and 
good to disperse swellings, tumors, &c. 



LOTIONS. 

Lotion for Scorbutic Ulcers. — Mix from one to two drachms of 
muriatic acid with a pint of water. This lotion is very useful in 
cleansing and stimulating scorbutic ulcers. 

Another. — Make a lotion by dissolving half an ounce of salt-pe- 
tre in half a pint of vinegar, with which cleanse as above. 

Lotion for Cancerous Ulcers. — Mix together an ounce and a 



84 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

half of the tincture of muriate of iron with eight ounces of water, 
and apply as a lotion. 

Lotion for Leprosy. — Use as a lotion every morning and evening 
the following : Take of oxymuriate of mercury four grains, pure 
pyroligneous acid one ounce, water seven ounces; mix. 



CORDIALS. 

Godfrey's Cordial. — Dissolve half an ounce of opium, one drachm 
of oil of sassafras, in two ounces spirits of wine ; now mix four lbs. 
of molasses with one gallon of boiling water, and when cold mix 
both solutions. This cordial is used to soothe the pains of children, 
&c. 

Gout Cor dial. — Take of cardamon seeds husked and pounded, 
caraway seed bruised, each two ounces, the best meadow saffron 
half an ounce, turkey rhubarb one and a half ounces, gentian root 
three-quarters of an ounce ; mix and put into a quart bottle, fill it 
with brandy and let it digest for ten days. Dose, a table-spoonful 
with an equal quantity of water, every third day. Good for gout 
and spasms in stomach, &c . 



VERMIFUGES. 

The Male Fern Boot powdered. — Take three drachms of the 
powder, mix with a little gamboge; put this into a cup of sweetened 
milk, and take as a dose, on going to bed fasting ; in two or three 
hours take a smart purgative. 

Wbrmseed. — Take in the morning fasting. For children from 
ten grains to half a drachm, finely powdered, in molasses. After 
the third day, give a dose of castor oil. 

Worm Lozenges, No. 1. — Take of saffron half an ounce, boil it 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 85 

in one gallon of water, and strain it off; add twelve ounces of oil 
of wormseed, white sugar twenty-eight pounds, mucilage of traga- 
canth sufficient to form a mass; roll this out so that it will be one. 
eighth of an inch thick, and of a size that there will be five hundred 
of them. Dose, from one to six according to age. 

Lozenges, JVo. 2. — Take of calomel seven ounces, jalap three and 
a half pounds, sugar nine pounds, mucilage of tragacanth sufficient 
to form a mass, which must be rolled as above and cut into seven 
thousand lozenges. The dose of No. 2s is from one to four accord- 
ing to age ; the No. 1 to be taken at night, the No. 2 the follow- 
ing morning. Avoid cold during the course. 

For Tape Worm. — Take and beat up five and a half drachms of 
oil of turpentine with the yolk of an egg and some sugar and water. 
Give it to a child having tape-worms. Two doses are sure to expel 
them. 

Another. — Let the patient fast for twelve or eighteen hours. 
Five or six drachms of rectified oil of turpentine should now be 
mixed with one pint of new milk well sweetened and given to the 
patient at one dose; in four hours follow it with a dose of castor 
oil. The next day repeat if necessary, 

Berries of black or spotted alder, blue flag root, two roots to a 
pint of whisky. Dose a table-spoonful twice a day. 

Mandrake root pulverized, one tea-spoonful steeped in half a tea- 
cupful of water and sweetened. Give a tea-spoonful once in ten 
minutes. 

Tansy seeds powdered. Dose a tea-spoonful . 
Worm seed. The seeds may be given one tea-spoonful three or 
four times a day for three or four days ; then give physic. 

Alum. A little simmered in molasses is of great service to drive 
worms from the stomach. 

Spirits of turpentine, from five to ten drops, in castor oil or on 
sugar. 



SG THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

BALSAMS. 

Balsam of Honey, — Take of balsam of tolu two ounces, gum 
storax two drachms, opium two drachms, honey eight ounces ; dis- 
solve these in a quart of spirits of wine. This balsam is excellent 
in allaying the irritation of cough. Dose, from one to tw r o tea- 
spoonfuls in a little tea. 

Talington, or Balsam of Life. — Take of gum benzoin four oun- 
ces, socotrine aloes one and a half ounces, gum albanum one and a 
half ounces, gum myrrh, one and a half ounces, angelica root two 
ounces, top of johns-wort two ounces; all to be finely powdered, 
and put into three pints of rectified spirits of wine in a glass bottle. 
Keep them moderately warm, and shake them once a day for four 
weeks, then strain and bottle for use. Dose, from five to fifteen 
drops according to age, &c, in a little wine. It is a sovereign 
remedy in consumptive complaints, in female debility in all stages 
of life. 

CheesmarCs Arabian Balsam. — Take four ounces of organum oil, 
one ounce of camphor, one ounce of oil of anise, one ounce spirits 
turpentine, four pounds fresh butter, one pint of alcohol. 

Balsam of Wild Cherry. — Take one pound of dried wild cher-' 
ries pulverized, put them into eight quarts of water. Steep them 
for twenty- four hours, press and strain; add to it two ounces balsam 
tolu, eight ounces of ball liquorice; steep down slowly to two 
quarts, then add two ounces of oil of anise and one pound of honey, 
and bottle for use. Dose, from a tea to a table-spoonful three times 
a day. Good for coughs, colds, consumption, asthma, bleeding at 
the lungs, bronchitis, &c. 



CATAPLASMS. 

Linseed Meal Boultice. — Scald a basin by pouring a little hot 
water into it, then put a small quantity of finely ground linseed 
meal into the basin; pour a little hot water on it and stir it briskly 



AftD FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 87 

until it is well incorporated; add a little more meal and a little more 
water, continually stirring it. 

Bread and Water Poultice --Pat half a pint of hot water into a 
pint basin, add to this as much of the crumbs of bread as the water 
will cover, place a plate over the basin and let it remain about ten 
minutes ; stir it well and strain off the water by holding a knife on 
the top of the basin; do not press the bread as is frequently done; 
take it out and spread it about one-third of an inch thick on soft 
linen, and put it upon the part. This is one of the best poultices, 
especially for a broken surface. 

Yeast Poultice, — Take of flour a pound, yeast of beer a pint; 
mix, and expose the mixture to a gentle heat until it begins to 
swell, when it is fit for use. This poultice is excellent for stimulat- 
ing and cleansing foul ulcers. 

Poultice for Ulcers. — Take carrots and boil them until they are 
sufficiently soft to be beaten into a soft pulp, which is to be applied 
as a cataplasm to ulcers as above. 

Another. — Boil any quantity of the bottom leaves of the com- 
mon sorrel until they are sufficiently soft, then beat them into a soft 
pulp, which is to be applied as a cataplasm to ulcers as above. 



WATERS. 

Eye Water, No. 1. — Take of extract of lead ten drops, rose- 
water six ounces; mix and wash the eyes night and morning. 

No. 2. — Take of the extract of lead ten drops, spirit of camphor 
twenty drops, rose-water half a pint; mix. This eye water is ex- 
tremely useful in ophthalmia attended with inflammation. 

No. 3. — Take of opium ten grains, camphor six grains, boiling 
water twelve ounces; rub the opium and boiling water with the 
camphor and strain. This abates the irritation and pain attendant 
on severe cases of inflammation of the eyes. 



8$ THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

- No, 4. — Take of white vitriol half a drachm, spirits of camphor 
one drachm, warm water two ounces, rose water four ounces; dis- 
solve the vitriol in the warm water, and add the spirits of camphor 
and rose water. This is useful in the chronic state of ophthalmia or 
weakness of the eyes after inflammation. 

No. 5. — Take of pith of sassafras, lobelia leaves, each a smali 
handful, to be put into one quart of soft water; add one gill of the 
juice of roasted onions, one table- spoonful of honey; mix them 
well. Put a few drops in the eyes, if inflamed, three or four times 
a day. 

No. 6. — Take twenty grains of white vitriol, twenty of sugar of 
lead, six of salt, six of opium, six of blood root to one pint of soft 
water. To be used as above. 

JSfo. 7. — Take vinegar one gill, juice of roasted onions one gill, 
soft water one gill ; wash the eyes with it five or six times a day. 

Lime Water is made by slacking one pound of quicklime with 
one gallon of boiling water. Bottle and cork tight for use. A 
table-spoonful taken three or four times a day. @ood to correct 
acidity of the stomach, &c. 

Tar Water is made by pouring one gallon of water on one quart 
of tar. Stir them well together and let them stand and settle ; pour 
off the clear liquor and let it stand and settle and bottle it for 
use. 



CLYSTERS. 

Astringent Clysters. — The decoction of white oak bark or cranes 
bill and sumach bobs and new milk. 

Anodyne Clyster. — Take of laudanum two drachms, decoction 
of barley or rice eight ounces. To stop diarrhoea and remove 
spasms, &c. 

Stimulating Lavement. — Salt and brown sugar one ounce each, 
castor oil two ounces, milk and water half a pint. In cases of ob- 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 80 

stinate costiveness, take a weak decoction of tobacco and sweet milk 
and molasses. In case of bilious colic, a bladder filled with tobacco 
smoke thrown up the rectum, gives immediate relief, 

Castor Oil — Take of castor oil two ounces, one egg; mix them 
well and then add gruel eight ounces, which will operate very mild- 
ly, and is efficacious in case of worms. 

Purging Clyster — Take manna one ounce, dissolve in ten ounces 
comp. decoction of chamomile, then add one ounce of sweet oil, and 
sulphate of magnesia half an ounce ; mix. 



INJECTION. 

Injections. — Take of cranesbill root and sage, each one handful; 
make a decoction with soft water, add a small quantity of alum ; to 
be thrown up the urethra two or three times a day, in case of go- 
norrhoea or clap; or in females it is to be thrown up the vagina, in 
venereal disease, fluor albus, &c. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 

Elixir Proprietatis.— -Take of myrrh in powders two ounces; 
alcohol one pound and a half, water half a pound ; mix the water 
with the alcohol and add the myrrh; steep four days and then add 
socotrine aloes one and a half ounces, saffron one ounce; steep three 
days and pour off the clear liquor. Laxative and stomachic. 

Picra. — Socotrine aloes one pound, white canella three ounces, 
separately powdered and mixed. Good purgative. Dose, from a 
scruple to a drachm, in molasses. 

Cook's Sticking Salve. — Take one pail of balm or ox- weed, 
pound the tops fine, put them into the kettle with five pounds of 
lard, simmer the same slowly for twelve hours, then take one and a 






THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 



iialf pounds of the above, and add to it one pound of bees-wax, and 
one pound of mutton tallow, and twelve pounds of resin, and melt 
them gradually over a slow fire. When thoroughly incorporated, 
turn them into a tub of cold water. When cool enough, work it 
like wax, and make into rolls. 

A Cure for the Tooth-Ache, — Use as a tooth powder the Span- 
ish snuff called Sibella. It will clean the teeth as well as any other 
powder, and entirely prevent the teeth from aching. 

An instant Cure for the Tooth- Ache. — Take a little chloroform 
in a vial and mix with it copal gum. Saturate a small piece of 
lint with it, and put it into the cavity of the tooth. 

Imperial Drops. — Take one ounce of oil of organum, half an 
ounce of oil of sassafras, half an ounce of oil of hemlock, a sixth of 
an ounce of gum camphor, and one pint of alcohol; shake them 
well and often together. 

Composition Powders. — Take two pounds of bayberry bark, one 
pound of the inner bark of hemlock, one pound of ginger, two 
ounces cayenne, two ounces cloves, two ounces cinnamon, all pow- 
dered fine, sifted, and well mixed. 

Corn Powder. — Take one ounce of powder of savin leaves, one 
quarter of an ounce of verdigris, one quarter of an ounce of red 
precipitate. Put a little of this in a linen bag. and apply it to the 
corn at bed-time, previously soaking it in weak lye. 

Corn Plaster.— Soak as above, and apply a plaster of pine gum. 

Another and a sure Remedy. — Shave the corn close as you can 
without causing it to bleed, then bind on a quid of plug tobacco 
previously moistened, and change when it becomes dry and hard. 



MEDICAL QUALITIES OF ROOTS AND HERBS. 



Angelica — Aromatic and carminative. 
Arse Smart — Antiseptic. 
Anise Seed — Carminative. 
Agrimony — Detergent. 
Blue and WJiite Cohush — Aperient. 
Birth Root — Aperient. 
Bayberry Barh — Astringent. 
Blackberry — Astringent. 
Bloodwort — Antidote against poison. 
Blue Skull-cap — Antidote for the bite of a mad dog. 
Butter-nut Bark — Cathartic. 
Balm of Gilead — Tonic. 
Barberry Baric — Tonic. 

Black Alder, bark and berries — Tonic and vermifuge. 
Black Cherry, ivild, bark — Tonic. 
Bitter-sweet, bark of the root — Detergent. 
Burdock Root— -Detergent. 
Boxwood — Tonic. 
Black Currant Roots — Diuretic. 
Balm — Diaphoretic and sudorific. 
Burdock Seeds — Diaphoretic and sudorific. 
Blood Root — Emetic and Expectorant. 
Boneset or Thoroughwort — Emetic and cathartic. 
Buckshorn Brake, the bark of the root — Mucilage. 
Black Cohush, the root — Stimulant. 
Blue Flag Root — Vermifuge. 
Coifs Foot — Aromatic and expectorant. 
Calamus Root— Aromatic and carminative. 
Chamomile — Aromatic and diaphoretic. 
Caraway Seed — Aromatic. 



92 



Cranesbill — Astringent and styptic. 

Charcoal — Antiseptic. 

Columbo — Tonic. 

Carrots, root — Diuretic. 

Celendine — Diuretic. 

Catnep — Sudorific. 

Com/re?/ — Mucilage. . 

Cayenne — Stimulant. 

Cohush, white — Stimulant. 

Colt's Tail, or Fire Weed-— Styptic. 

Dill Seed — Aromatic. 

Dandelion — Aperient, detergent and diuretic. 

Dog wood or Box wood, hark or Jiowers—Tomc. 

Elder, sweet — Laxative. 

Elecampaine — Detergent. 

Fennel Seed — Aromatic and carminative. 

Feather Few— Emenagogue. 

Flax Seed — Mucilage. 

Ginger Boot — Carminative. 

Gensen, or Gentian — Tonic. 

Golden Seal — Tonic. 

Golden Thread — Tonic. 

Gooseberry Roots — Diuretic. 

Goose Grass, or Clevers — Diuretic. 

Hemlock — Astringent. 

Hops — Antiseptic. 

Hyssop — Expectorant. 

Horse Radish — Stimulant. 

Indian Hemp — Cathartic, emetic, expectorant, vermifuge. 

Indian Physic, or Bitter Root — Emetic and cathartic. 

Juniper — Diuretic. 

Lady Slipper, or Nervine — Anti-spasmodic. 

Lobelia — Emetic, expectorant. 

Leather Bash — Expectorant. 

Masterwort — Aromatic. 

Man Root — Aperient. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 93 

Motherwort — Anti- spasmodic and anodyne. 
Milk Weed — Diuretic. 
Mints — Sudorifics. 

Marjorum, or Mountain Mint — Sudorific. 
Mugwort — Emenagogue. 
Mandrake — Expectorant, vermifuge. 
Mullen — Laxative. 
Mustard Seed — Stimulant. 
Oak, white. Hack or red — Astringent. 
Ox Balm — Sudorific. 
Onions — Antidote against poison. 
Poppy — Anodyne. 
Plantain — Anodyne, against poison. 
Pleurisy Root — Carminative and sudorific. 
Peppermint — Carminative. 
Poplar — Tonic. 
Pipsissiway — Detergent. 
Pumpkin Seed — Diuretic. 
Pennyroyal — Sudorific and emenagogue. 
Peach Tree, flowers and leaves — Laxative. 
Poke or Scoke Weed — Stimulant. 
Prickly Ash — Stimulant. 
Queen of the Meadow — Diuretic and mucilage. 
Saffron Flowers — Aperient, sudorific. 
Sweet Plaintain — Aperient. 

Sumach, bark of the root — Astringent, anti-spasmodic and de- 
tergent. 
Stramonium, Thorn Apple or Stink Weed — Anti-spasmodic. 
Skunk Cabbage — Anti-spasmodic, expectorant. 
Spignard — Anti-spasmodic. 
Sarsaparilla — Detergent. 
Sassafras — Detergent, mucilage. 
Seneca, Snake Boot — Expectorant. 
Sweet Viglet, blue — Laxative, mucilage. 
Slipp ery Elm — M ucilage. 
Spotted Alder, bark and tags — Vermifuge, detergent, 



94 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

Tobacco — Anti-spasmodic. 

Thorn Apple or Stink Weed — Anodyne. 

Thoroughiuort or Boneset — Sudorific. 

Tansy — E men agogue. 

Thistle, blessed — Emenagogue. 

Thyme — E menagogue. 

Unicorn Root —Tonic. ' 

Vervain, blue and white blossoms — Aperient 

Yarrow — Styptic. 

White Ash — Aperient. 

Whilewood, bark — Tonic. 

Winter- Green— Detergent, diuretic. 

White Pine — Detergent. 

Water Melon — -Diuretic. 

Wormwood — Emenagogue. 

Wild Turnip — Expectorant, mucilage. 

White Snake Root — Stimulant. 

White Cohus h— Stimulant. 

Winter Brake — Styptic. 

Worm Seed — Yermifuge. 

Wormwood — Yermifuge, good bitter. 



ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. 

Alkalies — The best remedy is vinegar. 

Ammonia — Remedy, vinegar or lemon juice, followed by milk 
and water. 

Alcohol — Cleanse the stomach with an emetic, then dash cold 
water on the head, and give spirits of hartshorn. 

Acids — These cause great heat and sensations of burning pain 
from the mouth to the stomach. Remedies, soda, magnesia, pearl- 
ash, or soap dissolved in water; then give an emetic. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 95 

Arsenic — First evacuate the stomach, then give the white of 
eggs, lime water, charcoal and the preparations of iron, particularly 
hydrate. 

Lead — White, or sugar of lead — remedy, alum, cathartic, such 
as castor oil, and especially Epsom salts. 

Charcoal — In poison by carbonic gas, remove the patient to the 
open air, dash cold water on the head and body, and stimulate the 
nostrils and lun^s bv hartshorn: at the same time rub the chest 
briskly. . 

Corrosive Sublimate — Give the white of eggs freshly mixed with 
water; or give soap and water freely. 

Creosote- — White of eggs and emetics. 

Henbane — Give emetics, and then plenty, of vinegar and water. 

Nitrate of Silver — Give a strong solution of common salt, and 
then an emetic. 

Opium — Give a strong emetic of mustard and water, then strong 
coffee and acid drinks, and dash cold water on the head. 

Laudanum — Same as opium. 

Nox Vomica — Give emetics, then brandy. 

Oxalic Acid, which is sometimes mistaken for Epsom salts. 
Remedies, chalk, magnesia, or soap and water freely, then emeticst 

Nitrate of Potash, or Saltpetre — Give emetics, then copious 
draughts of flax-seed tea, milk and water, <fcc. 

Prussic Acid — When there is time, administer chlorine in the 
shape of soda or lime; hot brandy and water, hartshorn and tur- 
pentine, are useful. 

Snake Bites, &c — Immediately apply strong hartshorn and take 
it internally. Also, give sweet oil and stimulants freely. Apply a 
ligature tight above the part bitten, and then apply a cupping-glass. 

Tartar Emetic- — Give large doses of tea made out of galls, Peru, 
vian bark, or white oak bark. 

Tobacco — Give an emetic, then stringent tea, then stimulants. 

Verdigris — Plenty of the white of eggs and water. 

White Vitriol — 'Give the patient plenty of milk and water. 

The best emetic for most all kinds of poisons, is common mus- 
tard flour. Give a tea-spoonful stirred in warm water, every ten 



96 THE AMERICAN FARRIER, 

or fifteen minutes, until free vomiting is obtained. Emetics and 
warm demulcent drinks, such as milk and water, flax seed or slip- 
pery elm tea, chalk water, &c. f should be administered without 
delay. 



DICTIONARY TO MEDICAL TERMS. 



Absorbents — Medicines to absorb or dry up superfluous matter 
and to correct acidity. 

Abortion — Miscarriage. 

Abscess — -A tumor containing matter. 

Acute — Violent, tending to speedy termination. 

Acrid — Corrosive, sharp. 

Anodynes — Composing medicines, that mitigate pain. 

Antidote — Medicine that destroys poison. 

Antiseptic — To correct rottenness or putridity. 

Aperient — Opening. 
• Aromatic — Pungent, spicy. 

Astringents — To correct looseness. 

Atenients — Medicines for reducing the body. 

Callous — Firm or hard. 

Cantharides — Spanish flies. 

Carminatives — Medicines for dispelling wind, &c. 

Cataplasm — Poultice. 

Catarrh — A discharge of the head or throat. 

Caustics — Burning applications. 

Cathartic — A purge. 

Chronic — Lingering disease. 

Constipation — Costiveness, obstruction. 

Contagion — Infection. 

Contusion — Bruise. 

Convulsions — Fits, violent motions. •' < 

Corroborants — Tonic or strengthening. 



AND FAMILY MEDICAL COMPANION. 97 

Demulcent — Softenino*. 

Dicjretic — Whatever promotes the secretion of urine. 

Diaphoretic — -Sweating. 

Drastic — Active, purging. 

Evacuation — Emptying. 

Expectoration — -A discharge from the breast or lungs. 

Febrile — Feverish. 

Flatulency — Producing wind. 

Fungus — Proud flesh. 

Gangrene — Feeble circulation followed by mortification. 

Gargle — Wash for the mouth or throat. 

Hemorrhage — Discharge of blood. 

Hypochondriacal— Melancholly, dejected, low-spirited. 

Inflammation — Increased action or fever in the part. 

Intestines — The internal parts or guts. 

Laxatives — Relieving costiveness. 

Ligature — Any bandage tied round a part. 

Lotion — A wash. 

Mucilage— A slimy substance. 

Narcotics — Producing torpor and sleep. 

Opiate — Promoting sleep. 

Pectoral — Medicines for the cure of diseases of the breast. 

Phlegmatic — A redundancy of phlegm. 

Phlogestic — Inflammatory. . 

Pulmonary — Belonging to the lungs. 

Rectum — The straight gut. 

Red Gum — An eruption. 

Resolvents — Dissolving medicines. 

Scorbutic — Belonging to the scurvy. 

Sanative — Healing. 

Sedatives — Composing, quieting anodynes. 

Stimulants — Irritative medicines. 

Styptics — To stop the discharge of blood. 

Sudorcfic — To promote perspiration. 

Tonics — Bracing, strengthening. 

VERMiFUGE-^Worm-destroying medicine. 
G 



INDEX. 



INDEX TO FARRIERY DEPARTMENT. 

PAGE, 

■7 
. 18 

28 
. 29 

29 
. 29 

32 
. 1 
. 17 

18 
. 17 

17 
. 20 

30 

. 30 

9 

. 16 

9 

. 10 

10 
. 10 

10 
. 19 

19 
. 21 

21 
. 32 

30 
. 30 

11 
. 16 

17 
. 18 

24 
. 31 

19 



Abscess . 

Astringent Balls, 

Alteratives, 

Astringent Medicine, 

Astringent Wash, . 

Astringent Paste, 

Additional Receipts, 

Bleeding, to stop, 

Balls for Broken Wind 

Balls for Staggers, 

Balls for Surfeit, 

Balls for Worms, . 

Botts, . 

Blister, 

Blister for Ringbone, 

Canker, . 

Cold, 

Capped Hocks, 

Convulsions. 

Cough, . 

Corns, 

Cracked Heels, 

Colic, for 

Cure for Ringbone, 

Cattle, 

Cure for Jaundice, . 

Cure for Black Tongue, 

Clyster for Gripes, 

Cough Drink, 

Diabetes, 

Drink for Cough, 

Drink for Fever, 

Drink for Worms, 

Dry Murrain, 

Drink for Fever, 

Embrocation for Sprains, 

Food, &c, , 

Farcy, 

Foundered Feet, 

Fever Balls, . 

Fullness of Blood, 

Foot Rot, 

Foot Stopping, . 

Glanders, 

Galls, 

Half Bound, 

Hoof Ail, 



/ 
11 
11 
16 
15 
26 
31 
20 
10 
10 
22 



Horn Distemper, . , 

Heaves, 

Inflammation of Lungs, 

Inflammatory Embrocation, 

Inflammation of Bowels, 

Inflamed Bladder, 

Jaundice, 

Jaundice or Yellows 

Loss of Appetite, 

Lampas, 

Laxative Powders^ 

Laxative Clyster, 

Lung Diseases, 

Purging Balls, 

Poll Evil, . 

Poison, 

Pinning, 

Purge, 

Ringbone, 

Red Water, 

Rising of the Lights 

Sores and Burns, 

Staggers, . 

Sand Crack, 

Sit Fasts, 

Strains, 

Stranguary, 

Strangles, 

Sore Teats, 

Sheep Scab, . 

Swine, 

Scalding Mixture, 

To check Purging, 

Thrush, - 

Urine Drink, 

Vives, 

Warts, 

Wash for Grease, 

Wash for Proud Flesh, 



PAGE. 

23 

. 32 

12, 18 

. 30 

9 

. 8 

17 

. 21 

8 

. 12 

, 15 

30 
. 27 

16 
12, 20 

26 
. 25 

31 
. 13 

24 

. 27 

6 

. 8 

13 
. 13 

14 
. 14 

14 
. 24 

25 
. 27 

31 
. 16 

14 
. 30 

14 
7, 22 

29 
. 31 



INDEX TO THE FAMILY MEDICAL 

COMPANION. 
Anti-Venereal Pills, . .69 

Aloetic Powders, . • .70 

Aromatic Powders, ... 70 
Astringent Powders, . . .70 
Anodyne Sudorific Powders, . 71 



INDEX, 



Anti- spasmodic Tincture, 
Asthmatic Tincture, 
Aperient Mixture, 
Astringent Mixture, 
Anodyne Plaster, 
Adhesive Plaster, 
Anodyne Sanative Plaster, 
Asthma, 

Astringent Clyster, 
Anodyne Clyster, 
A Cure for Tooth Ache, 
Burns and Scalds, 
Boils, 

Bilious Fever, 
Bleeding at the Lungs. 
Bleeding Piles, 
Bilious Pills, 
Blue Pills, -. 
Bitters, 
Balsams, 

Balsam of Wild Cherry, 
Bread and Water Poultice, 
Consumption, 
Chronic Rheumatism, 
Contagious Diseases, 
Chronic Diseases, 
Cholera Morbus, 
Croup, 
Convulsions, 

Cramp in the Stomach, . 
Chordee, .... 
Chancres, 

Concussion of the Brain, . 
Compound Colocynth Pills, 
Compound Aloetic Pills, 

ompound Rhubarb Pills, 

impound Assafoetida Pills, 
Tipound Syrup of Sarsapari! 
dgh Powder, 

;lic Powder, . 

olic, .... 
compound Tincture Rhubarb, 
Jarm inative Drops, 
Cholera Drops, 
Cough Drops, 
Cordials. , 

Cheesman's Arabian Balsam, 
Cataplasms, 

Clysters, .... 
Castor Oil Clyster, 
Cook's Sticking Salve, . 
Composition Powders, 
Corn Plaster, 

Corn Powder, . . . 
Dropsy, 
Dyspepsy, .... 



PAGE. 




PAGE. 


. 74 


Due Worm, 


47 


76 


Dysentery, , 


. 51 


. 77 


Diabetes, . 


63 


77 


Diseases of Infants, 


. 63 


. 81 


Directions for Bleeding, 


61 


81 


Diuretic Pills, 


. 68 


. 81 


Detergent Syrup, 


73 


55 


Drops . 


. 75 


. 88 


Due Worm Ointment, 


79 


88 


Eruptions of the Skin, 


. 47 


. 90 


Erysipelas, 


48 


. 50 


Expectorant Pills, 


67, 68 


. 50 


Emetic Pill, . . . . 


66, 69 


34 


Emetic Powders, 


. 71 


. 52 


Eye Waters, 


87, 88 


53 


Elixir Proprietatis, 


. 89 


68, 69 


Flatulency, . 


46 


68 


Fluor Albus, 


. 44 


. 78 


Flooding. . 


52 


86 


Falling of the Fundament, 


. 64 


. 86 


Female Bitters, 


78 


87 


Foot's Salve, 


. 80 


. 38 


Grave', . 


62 


39 


Griping, 


. 64 


. 41 


Golden Ointment, . 


78 


38 


Godfrey's Cordial, 


. 84 


. 38 


Gout Cordial, . 


84 


55 


Hectic Fever, 


. 36 


. 56 


Hysterics, . • • 


45 


56 


Hypochondria, . 


. 46 


. 59 


Hemorrhages, 


51 


59 


Headache, 


. 60 


. 61 


Hickup, . 


64 


66 


Hebrew Excelsior Plaster, . 


. 82 


. 67 


Intermittent Fever, 


33 


67 


Itch, .... 


. 47 


. 67 


Inflammatory Rheumatism, 


49 


ilia, 72 


Inflammatory Diseases, 


. 48 


70 


Inflammation of the Liver, 


54 


. 71 


India Cholagogue. 


. 78 


37 


Itch Ointment, 


79 


. 74 


Indian Ulcer Salve, . 


. 80 


75 


Imperial Drops, 


90 


. 75 


Influenza, 


. 53 


. 75, 77 


Jaundice, 


36 


. 84 


Jaundice Bitters, 


. 78 


86 


Locked Jaw, . . , 


, 56 


. 86 


Laxative Pills, . 


. m 


88 


Liniments, 


83 


. 88 


Liniment of Oil and Lime, 


. 83 


89 


Lotion for Scorbutic Ulcers, 


83 


. 90 


; Lotion for Cancerous Ulcers, 


. 83 


90 


Lotion for Leprosy, 


84 


. 90 


Linseed Poultice, 


. S6 


40 


jLime water, . . 


88 


. 44 


Measles, . 


41 





INDEX. 




PAGE. 


PAGE. 


Medicinal Qualities of Roots and 


Syrup of Rhubarb, , . 


72 


Herbs, 


. 91 


Sovereign Itch Ointment, 


79 


Mumps, .... 


, 41 


Strengthening Plaster, 


89 


Mixtures, .... 


77 


Sovereign Salt Rheum Ointment, 


80 


Nerve Powders, 


71 


Salves, ..... 


80 


Nerve Ointment, 


79 


Stimulating Lavement, . 


88 


Ointments, 


. 78 


Typhus Fever, 


35 


Opodeldoc, 


83 


Tumors, .... 


57 


Palpitation of Heart, 


, 46 


Tape Worm, , 


85 


Pleurisy, .... 


54 


Tar Pills 


68 


Pills of Aloes and Foetida, 


66 


Tonic and Astringent Pills, 


66 


Purging Pills, 


66 


Tonic Syrup, 


73 


Plummers' Pills. 


. 67 


Tar Syrup, .... 


73 


Powders, .... 


70 


Tincture of Bark, . 


73 


Pile Ointment, 


. 79 


Tincture of Guaiac, , 


73 


Plasters, .... 


81 


Tincture of Cayenne, 


74 


Poultice for Ulcers, 


. 87 


Tincture of Rhubarb, 


74 


Purging Clysters, 


89 


Tincture of Opium, 


74 


Picra. .... 


. 89 


Tincture for Dropsy, . 


75 


Putrid Sore Throat, 


41 


Tonic Absorbent Plasters, 


82 


Small Pox, 


; 43 


Tarlington's, or Balsam of Life, 


87 


Scald Head, . . 


47 


Tar Water 


88 


Salt Rheum, 


. 48 


Tooth Ache Drops, . . 


90 


Scrofula or King's Evil, 


58 


Venereal Diseases, 


58 


Seminal Weakness, . 


59 


Vomiting. .... 


63 


Syphilis or Pox, . . , 


60 


Vermifuges, 


84 


Sudorific Pills, , 


68 


Whooping Cough, 


42 


Sovereign Anti-Fever Pills, 


69 


Whitlow or Felon, 


50 


Sweating or Dovers Powders, 


70 


White Thread Worm, 


69 


Sudorific Powders, . 


71 


Worms, Round, 


61 


Steel Powders. 


. 71 


Worm Seed, .... 


84 


Stimulating Cathartic Powders, 


70 


Worm Lozenges, 


84 


Simple Syrup. 


72 


Waters, 


87 


Syrup of Ginger, 


72 


Yellow Basilicon Ointment, . 


78 


Syrup of .Lemons. ♦ . 


72 


Yellow Salve, .... 


80 


Syrup of Sarsaparilla, 


72 


Yeast Poultice. 


87 



k 






o x 



» i \ 















vV 



S Xi. 









9 I A 



o\ 



"<p/ 












* . 













►*' < v ^. 



\ 







o X 



\ 



' </ % 



3fc ^ 



,# ^ 



.cv 






A °0 










"•*. v* x ' 









*v 
















^ 






Vv* 









Wf 



Oo 







'♦% 



^ /- 

^ 






\' 






\ * ** * 



* & 



•**V 













V/> ^ 



f 



* 



^ ^ 























..* 






V 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



002 843 209 4 



